Airway management in patients undergoing maxillofacial surgery: State of art review.

Airway management in maxillofacial surgery is a critical aspect of anesthesia and perioperative care, demanding a broad array of techniques to ensure effective ventilation and oxygenation. The anatomical and physiological complexities of maxillofacial procedures necessitate a deep understanding of airway management strategies. Patients undergoing maxillofacial surgery often face heightened risks of airway compromise due to trauma, congenital abnormalities, or the surgical interventions themselves, requiring clinicians to be proficient in both routine and advanced techniques.

Submental intubation in complex maxillofacial trauma: Pilot balloon protection.

Aims: This study aims to describe our refined technique of submental intubation to avoid the recorded intraoperative complications related to tube passage and pilot balloon rupture.

Case Series: This is a retrospective case series of 21 patients with complex maxillofacial trauma who underwent submental intubation from January 2019 to January 2023. All the patients underwent to the same procedure with a new technique of pilot balloon protection: the pilot balloon was not deflated because, once the connector was removed, only the tube was curved and passed through the incision extraorally while the cuff remained inflated.

Vaptans and hyponatremia in critical patients.

Hyponatremia is the most frequent fluid and electrolyte disorder in hospitalized patients (20%), particularly in ICU, associated with an increase in morbility and mortality. While hypovolaemic hyponatremia needs to be corrected with the replacement of the lost extracellular fluid by isotonic saline, euvolaemic (SIADH) and hypervolaemic hyponatremia (oedematous states like decompensated heart failure, liver cirrhosis, i.e.