ADHD Reporting in Developmental Age: The Role of the Informants.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition typically requiring information from multiple informants for accurate diagnosis. However, the consistency and diagnostic value of reports from teachers, parents, primary care providers (PCPs), and other professionals remain debated. This study aimed to examine the role and diagnostic accuracy of different informants in the referral and diagnostic process for ADHD in children aged 3-11.

Navigating child and adolescent mental health in the digital age.

Since 2010, there has been a significant increase in mental health issues among children and adolescents, which coincides with the widespread use of social media (SM). While the exact relationship between SM use and psychiatric health remains unclear, growing evidence suggests that excessive screen time is linked to psychosocial symptoms. This article examines the importance of systematically assessing SM use as part of a comprehensive psychiatric evaluation for young individuals.

Suggestive seizure induction techniques in paediatric functional/dissociative seizures: an extensive protocol.

Functional/Dissociative Seizures (FDS) are complex neuropsychiatric events frequently misdiagnosed as epilepsy, particularly in children and adolescents. Accurate and timely diagnosis remains challenging, especially when standard or prolonged EEG recordings fail to capture typical episodes. This retrospective study evaluated the diagnostic utility and clinical correlates of a structured, non-invasive Suggestive Seizure Induction Technique (SSIT) protocol integrated within video-EEG.

Challenges to high-quality care in autism with functional somatic symptoms: A case-inspired narrative review and exploratory biopsychosocial model.

BackgroundChildren and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently experience functional somatic symptoms (FSS), although the underlying causes often remain unclear. Various biological and psychological factors, both individual and within families, such as alexithymia or health anxiety, can intensify these symptoms, sometimes resulting in excessive and unnecessary medical interventions.MethodsA narrative review of the literature was conducted, alongside the presentation of a case report involving a 13-year-old boy with ASD.

Psychiatric Comorbidities in Pediatric Restless Leg Syndrome.

Recent research reported an association between pediatric Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) and psychiatric disorders, in particular attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in which shared symptoms, such as restlessness and difficulty concentrating, can make differential diagnosis challenging. Comorbidities with depression and anxiety, present in adults, have to be considered in children. Behavioral and psychosomatic disorders and autism can be associated with RLS.

Projective in Time: A Systematic Review on the Use of Construction Projective Techniques in the Digital Era-Beyond Inkblots.

Background: Projective instruments have historically been used to explore unconscious dynamics and personality traits in children and adolescents. However, concerns about their psychometric properties have led to ongoing debates in clinical psychology. This review aims to critically reassess the use of construction projective techniques in clinical settings for individuals aged 4 to 18 years, also examining the available psychometric data reported in recent scientific literature, excluding the Rorschach Test due to its extensive coverage in existing literature.

Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD) for the Management of Fibrotic Non-Lifting Colorectal Lesions (NLCLs): Results from a Large Multicenter Retrospective Study.

: The management of non-lifting colorectal lesions (NLCLs), often resulting from previous unsuccessful treatments or biopsies, remains challenging due to submucosal fibrosis that prevents adequate lifting. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a viable option for achieving complete resection in such cases. However, when standard ESD is not feasible, conversion to hybrid ESD (H-ESD) has been proposed as a rescue strategy.

Scrolling through adolescence: a systematic review of the impact of TikTok on adolescent mental health.

Amidst rising concerns about mental health in adolescents, the role of social media (SM), particularly highly visual platforms such as TikTok, has become a growing focus of investigation. In the extant literature, conclusive evidence is limited by the aggregate analysis of very heterogeneous SM platforms. This systematic scoping review examines the relationship between TikTok and mental health in adolescents.

A Systematic Review on Autism and Hyperserotonemia: State-of-the-Art, Limitations, and Future Directions.

Hyperserotonemia is one of the most studied endophenotypes in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but there are still no unequivocal results about its causes or biological and behavioral outcomes. This systematic review summarizes the studies investigating the relationship between blood serotonin (5-HT) levels and ASD, comparing diagnostic tools, analytical methods, and clinical outcomes. A literature search on peripheral 5-HT levels and ASD was conducted.

The Hidden Impact of ADHD Symptoms in Preschool Children with Autism: Is There a Link to Somatic and Sleep Disorders?

Neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), do often present in comorbidity among them and with other medical conditions, including sleep and gastrointestinal (GI) disorders and somatic complaints. An anonymous online survey based on standardized questionnaires (SDSC, KL-ASD, APSI, ROME V CRITERIA, CPRS, CBCL) was completed by the parents of 46 preschoolers diagnosed with ASD. A high prevalence (47%) of ADHD symptoms in this population was found, surpassing previous estimates.

Serrated polyps <10 mm cannot reliably be characterized by i-Scan without magnification at routine colonoscopy.

Background: Colorectal lesions (CRLs) <10 mm found at colonoscopy tend towards "diagnose-and-leave" or "resect-and-discard" strategies based on real-time Kudo glandular pit-pattern's assessment using i-Scan. However, i-Scan has not yet been validated for Kudo's classification. We aimed to assess whether, in routine colonoscopy, i-Scan without magnification and optical enhancement (M-OE) reliably differentiates hyperplastic polyps (HPs) from other serrated lesions (SLs) and conventional adenomas (CAs), and, among SLs, HPs from sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) and traditional or unknown serrated adenomas (TSAs, USAs), in Kudo type II CRLs<10 mm, according to ASGE Preservation and Incorporation of Valuable endoscopic Innovations (PIVI) recommended negative predictive value (NPV) threshold for adenomas.

Endoscopic vacuum therapy versus self-expandable metal stent for treatment of anastomotic leaks < 30 mm following oncologic Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy: a matched case-control study.

Background: Management of anastomotic leaks after Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy remains a challenge. Although intracavitary endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) has shown great efficacy for large dehiscences, the optimal management of smaller leaks has not been standardized. This study aims to compare EVT versus self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) in the treatment of leaks < 30 mm in size, due to the lack of current data on this topic.

Tension-Type Headache in Children and Adolescents.

In pediatric neurology, tension-type headache (TTH) represents a very common type of primary headache during the pediatric age. Despite the high prevalence of TTH, this diagnosis is often underestimated in childhood, with relevant difficulties in the differential diagnosis of TTH from secondary and primary headache manifestations. Even among primary headaches, a clinical overlap is not so infrequent in children: migraine attacks could present tension headache-like features while tension-type headaches may display migraine-like symptoms as well.

Endoscopic Vacuum Therapy (EVT) versus Self-Expandable Metal Stent (SEMS) for Anastomotic Leaks after Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Endoscopic treatment of post-esophagectomy/gastrectomy anastomotic dehiscence includes Self-Expandable Metal Stents (SEMS), which have represented the "gold standard" for many years, and Endoscopic Vacuum Therapy (EVT), which was recently introduced, showing promising results. The aim of the study was to compare outcomes of SEMS and EVT in the treatment of post-esophagectomy/gastrectomy anastomotic leaks, focusing on oncologic surgery.

Methods: A systematic search was performed on Pubmed and Embase, identifying studies comparing EVT versus SEMS for the treatment of leaks after upper gastro-intestinal surgery for malignant or benign pathologies.

Sleep habits and sleep disorders in Italian children and adolescents: a cross-sectional survey.

Study Objectives: The aim was to describe sleep habits and epidemiology of the most common sleep disorders in Italian children and adolescents.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which parents of typically developing children and adolescents (1-18 years) completed an online survey available in Italy, gathering retrospective information focusing on sleep habits and disorders.

Results: Respondents were 4,321 typically developing individuals (48.

Paediatric sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: From pathophysiology to prevention.

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a fatal event, occurring in patients with epilepsy, in which seizures may or may not precede the exitus, and no other potential causes of death are identifiable. The proposed pathophysiological mechanisms for SUDEP include cardio-respiratory dysfunctions, brainstem arousal system impairment, and dysregulation in the neurotransmitter/neuromodulator systems. This narrative review provides an overview of primary research on SUDEP in paediatric populations.

Psychological disorders, adverse childhood experiences and parental psychiatric disorders in children affected by headache: A systematic review.

Background: Pediatric headaches have been linked to adverse life events or psychological factors in children and their families, with a complex and bidirectional association. Moreover, it is well-known that psychological stress can trigger headaches.

Methods: We searched three databases for studies focusing on headaches and adverse events or psychological factors in children up to 12 years old or in their caregivers.

Endoscopic vacuum therapy for post-esophagectomy anastomotic dehiscence as rescue treatment: a single center case series.

Background: Endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) represents an effective endoscopic technique for the treatment of post-esophagectomy leaks and can be used after failure of primary treatment. We aimed to investigate endoscopic data and success rate of EVT for post-esophagectomy anastomotic leaks, after failed redo surgery or previous endoscopic treatment.

Methods: We retrospectively recruited 12 patients from January 2018 to October 2020.

Children with neurodevelopmental disorders: how do they sleep?

Purpose Of Review: In this review we summarized the available evidence on sleep disorders in children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in particular: intellectual disability (including some genetic conditions such as Prader-Willi Syndrome, Smith-Magenis Syndrome), Autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Developmental Coordination Disorder, language disorders, and specific learning disorders.

Recent Findings: Children with NDDs frequently suffer from sleep disturbances, with a higher prevalence than that of the general pediatric population.

Summary: These problems tend to be chronic and may cause additional cognitive and behavioral difficulties, often affecting the whole family's well-being.