Non-invasive micro-test technology and applications.

Non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT) reveals dynamic ionic/molecular concentration gradients by measuring fluxes of ions and small molecules in liquid media in 1D, 2D or 3D fashions with sensitivity up to pico- (10) or femto- (10) moles per cm per second. NMT has been applied to study metabolism, signal transduction, genes and/or proteins physiological functions related to transmembrane ionic/molecular activities with live samples under normal conditions or stress. Data on ion and/or molecule homeostasis (IMH) by NMT in biomedical sciences, plant and crop sciences, environmental sciences, marine and space biology as well as traditional Chinese medicine are reviewed.

PGD: a machine learning-based photosynthetic-related gene detection approach.

Background: The primary determinant of crop yield is photosynthetic capacity, which is under the control of photosynthesis-related genes. Therefore, the mining of genes involved in photosynthesis is important for the study of photosynthesis. MapMan Mercator 4 is a powerful annotation tool for assigning genes into proper functional categories; however, in maize, the functions of approximately 22.