Convergent Validation of a Self-Reported Commuting to and from School Diary in Spanish Adolescents.

Unlabelled: The aim of this study was to examine the convergent validity of self-reported diary times for commuting to and from school with device-measured positional data (Global Positioning System; GPS) in Spanish adolescents.

Methods: Cross-sectional data were obtained from four Spanish public secondary schools in 2021, comprising 47 adolescents and 141 home-school and school-home trips. Participants self-reported the time they left and arrived at home and school through a commuting diary.

The Effect of a School-Based Intervention on Children's Cycling Knowledge, Mode of Commuting and Perceived Barriers: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The low rates of active commuting to/from school in Spain, especially by bike, and the wide range of cycling interventions in the literature show that this is a necessary research subject. The aims of this study were: (1) to assess the feasibility of a school-based cycling intervention program for adolescents, (2) to analyse the effectiveness of a school-based cycling intervention program on the rates of cycling and other forms of active commuting to/from school (ACS), and perceived barriers to active commuting in adolescents. A total of 122 adolescents from Granada, Jaén and Valencia (Spain) participated in the study.

The clustering of physical activity and screen time behaviours in early childhood and impact on future health-related behaviours: a longitudinal analysis of children aged 3 to 8 years.

Background: Meeting physical activity and screen time guidelines has been associated with improved health in children. Research has shown that lifestyle behaviours happen in combination and can be tracked into later life. Thus, a complex approach is needed to identify the effects of physical activity and screen time altogether.

Cycling area can be a confounder and effect modifier of the association between helmet use and cyclists' risk of death after a crash.

The effect of helmet use on reducing the risk of death in cyclists appears to be distorted by some variables (potential confounders, effect modifiers, or both). Our aim was to provide evidence for or against the hypothesis that cycling area may act as a confounder and effect modifier of the association between helmet use and risk of death of cyclists involved in road crashes. Data were analysed for 24,605 cyclists involved in road crashes in Spain.

Development and validation of a questionnaire measuring knowledge, attitudes, and current practices of primary healthcare physicians regarding road injury prevention in older adults.

Background: Older adults present high risk of involvement in road crashes. Preventive interventions conducted by their primary healthcare physicians (PHPC) could reduce this public health issue.

Objective: The objective of this study was to design and validate a self-administered questionnaire that measures the knowledge, attitudes, and current practices (CP) of PHCP in Spain regarding the prevention of road injuries in older adults.

A School-Based Randomized Controlled Trial to Promote Cycling to School in Adolescents: The PACO Study.

This manuscript describes the rationale and protocol of a school-based randomized controlled trial called "Cycling and Walk to School" (PACO, by its Spanish acronym) that aims to promote cycling to and from school and physical activity (PA) in adolescents. This study will examine the effects of this intervention in cycling and active commuting to and from school (ACS), PA and several ACS-related factors based on self-determination theory (SDT) and a social-ecological model (SEM). A total of 360 adolescents attending six high schools (three experimental and three control) from three Spanish cities will participate in this randomized controlled trial.

Different neighborhood walkability indexes for active commuting to school are necessary for urban and rural children and adolescents.

Background: Literature focusing on youth has reported limited evidence and non-conclusive associations between neighborhood walkability measures and active commuting to and from school (ACS). Moreover, there is a lack of studies evaluating both macro- and micro-scale environmental factors of the neighborhood when ACS is analyzed. Likewise, most studies on built environment attributes and ACS focus on urban areas, whereas there is a lack of studies analyzing rural residential locations.

How many collateral casualties are associated with road users responsible for road crashes?

Objective: To estimate the number of collateral casualties associated with road users considered responsible for a road crash.

Method: We analyzed the case series comprising all 790,435 road users involved in road crashes with victims in Spain from 2009 to 2013, recorded in a nationwide police-based registry. For each road user assumed to be responsible for a crash, we collected information relative to health outcomes in other people involved in it, and obtained the total number of collateral casualties per 100 road users considered responsible for the crash.

Individual and environmental factors associated with death of cyclists involved in road crashes in Spain: a cohort study.

Objective: To quantify the magnitude of associations between cyclist fatalities and both cyclist and environment related characteristics in Spain during the first 24 hours after a crash.

Design: Cohort study.

Setting: Spain.

[Association between type of vehicle and the risk of provoking a collision between vehicles].

Objective: To quantify the magnitude of the association between the type of vehicle and the probability of being responsible for a collision between two or more vehicles.

Method: From the registry of road crashes with victims maintained by the Spanish Traffic General Directorate (2014 and 2015), a matched case-control study was designed. Cases were offending drivers involved in the 27,630 collisions between two or more vehicles in which only one of the drivers had committed a driving mistake or offence.