Functional Characterization of Polyketide Synthase Clusters in Streptomyces anandii J6.

Streptomyces species are well-known for their antifungal properties and the production of diverse secondary metabolites, including non-ribosomal peptides and polyketides. These metabolites can be identified through various genetic techniques, allowing for the investigation of gene functions using whole-genome databases. Numerous studies have explored the genetic functions of Streptomyces using advanced techniques, such as CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis, to generate site-specific mutant strains.

Identification, distribution, and fungicide sensitivity of spp. causing peach anthracnose in South Korea.

Peach anthracnose, caused by spp., poses a significant threat to peach production globally, including in South Korea. This study aimed to investigate the diversity, distribution, and fungicide sensitivity of isolates from 15 commercial peach orchards across five regions in South Korea.

Root Rot Disease Biocontrol and Microbiome Community Modulation by Strains in Soybean.

Traditionally, phytopathogenic fungi control strategies rely primarily upon chemical fungicides, but fungicide resistance pathogen strains have appeared in the fields. Therefore, biocontrol approaches highlighted with sustainable agriculture aspects, especially the genus , are known to suppress numerous plant diseases. S8 was isolated from turfgrass rhizosphere, and SP6C4 was obtained from strawberry pollen.

Design and Evaluation of Synthetic Microbial Communities for Effective Fire Blight Disease Control in Apples.

Fire blight disease caused by has resulted in extreme economic losses to industrial plants of the Rosaceae family, including apples and pears, since the 1870s. Many countries have used pesticides and bactericides to manage the fire blight disease. However, chemical management leads to the emergence of a pesticide-resistant pathogen population.

Genome analysis of Streptomyces recifensis SN1E1 to investigate mechanisms for inhibiting fire blight disease.

Aim: Fire blight, attributed to the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, significantly damages economically important crops, such as apples and pears. Conventional methods for managing fire blight involve the application of chemical pesticides, such as streptomycin and oxytetracycline. Nevertheless, apprehensions are increasing regarding developing antibiotic and pesticide-resistant strains, compounded by documented instances of plant toxicity.

Role of microbial communities and nitrogen sources in suppressing root rot disease during ginseng cultivation.

Ginsengs, widely acknowledged for their health-promoting properties, are predominantly grown for their roots, necessitating an extended cultivation period of a minimum of 4 to 6 years for maturation. The prolonged growth duration in a specific location makes ginseng plants susceptible to soil-borne ailments, such as root rot, leading to significant detrimental effects. Focusing on the crucial role of the plant microbial community in maintaining ginseng health, the study reveals that repeated and continuous cultivation leads to the collapse of the initial disease-suppressive rhizosphere community, resulting in severe root rot.

α1-COP modulates plasmodesmata function through sphingolipid enzyme regulation.

Callose, a β-1,3-glucan plant cell wall polymer, regulates symplasmic channel size at plasmodesmata (PD) and plays a crucial role in a variety of plant processes. However, elucidating the molecular mechanism of PD callose homeostasis is limited. We screened and identified an Arabidopsis mutant plant with excessive callose deposition at PD and found that the mutated gene was α1-COP, a member of the coat protein I (COPI) coatomer complex.

Antifungal Properties of Streptomyces bacillaris S8 for Biological Control Applications.

Soybean (Glycine max), a crucial global crop, experiences yearly yield reduction due to diseases such as anthracnose (Colletotrichum truncatum) and root rot (Fusarium spp.). The use of fungicides, which have traditionally been employed to control these phytopathogens, is now facing challenges due to the emergence of fungicide-resistant strains.

In Vivo Human Lacrimal Gland Imaging Using an Ultrasound Biomicroscopy.

Purpose: In the present study, we introduce human lacrimal gland imaging using an ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) with a soft cover and show their findings.

Methods: The representative UBM findings of palpebral lobes in seven subjects (four with non-Sjögren dry eye syndrome, one with Sjögren syndrome, and two healthy subjects) were described in this study. To prolapse the palpebral lobe, the examiner pulled the temporal part of the upper eyelid in the superotemporal direction and directed the subject to look in the inferonasal direction.

Categorization of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Using Lipid Layer Thickness and Meibomian Gland Dropout in Dry Eye Patients: A Retrospective Study.

Purpose: In the present study, we determined the prevalence of obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), hyposecretory MGD, grossly normal MG, and hypersecretory MGD in patients with dry eye syndrome using lipid layer thickness (LLT) and MG dropout.

Methods: Eighty-eight patients with dry eye syndrome were included in the study. Patients were categorized into four groups according to the LLT and weighted total meiboscore.

Unraveling the Role of Cytochrome P450 as a Key Regulator Lantipeptide Production in Streptomyces globisporus.

The aim of this study was to investigate the regulation of lantipeptide production in Streptomyces globisporus SP6C4, which produces the novel antifungal lantipeptides conprimycin and grisin, and to identify the role of cytochrome P450 (P450) in tis regulation. To investigate the regulation of lantipeptide production, we created gene deletion mutants, including ΔP450, ΔtsrD, ΔlanM, ΔP450ΔtsrD, and ΔP450ΔlanM. These mutants were characterized in terms of their morphology, sporulation, attachment, and antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum.

Mycobiota community and fungal species response to development stage and fire blight disease in apples.

Fire blight disease, caused by the bacterial pathogen , has been a significant concern for over 50 countries worldwide. The efficacy of chemical pesticides currently available for disease control is limited. To address this issue, research is being conducted to explore environmentally friendly control methods, particularly biological control using beneficial microorganisms.

Analysis of Endophytic Bacterial Communities and Investigation of Core Taxa in Apple Trees.

ire blight disease, caused by Erwinia amylovora, is a devastating affliction in apple cultivation worldwide. Chemical pesticides have exhibited limited effectiveness in controlling the disease, and biological control options for treating fruit trees are limited. Therefore, a relatively large-scale survey is necessary to develop microbial agents for apple trees.

Dynamics of Bacterial Communities by Apple Tissue: Implications for Apple Health.

Herein, we explored the potential of the apple's core microbiota for biological control of , which causes fire blight disease, and analyzed the structure of the apple's bacterial community across different tissues and seasons. Network analysis results showed distinct differences in bacterial community composition between the endosphere and rhizosphere of healthy apples, and eight taxa were identified as negatively correlated with , indicating their potential key role in a new control strategy against the pathogen. This study highlights the critical role of the apple's bacterial community in disease control and provides a new direction for future research in apple production.

Transition from Ginseng Root Rot Disease-Conducive Soil to -Suppressive Soil Mediated by .

Ginseng is a popular medicinal herb with established therapeutic effects such as cardiovascular disease prevention, anticancer effects, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the slow growth of ginseng due to soilborne pathogens has been a challenge for establishing new plantations. In this study, we investigated root rot disease associated with the microbiota in a ginseng monoculture model system.

Variations in Kiwifruit Microbiota across Cultivars and Tissues during Developmental Stages.

The plant microbiota plays a crucial role in promoting plant health by facilitating the nutrient acquisition, abiotic stress tolerance, biotic stress resilience, and host immune regulation. Despite decades of research efforts, the precise relationship and function between plants and microorganisms remain unclear. Kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.

Roads to Construct and Re-build Plant Microbiota Community.

Plant microbiota has influenced plant growth and physiology significantly. Plant and plant-associated microbes have flexible interactions that respond to changes in environmental conditions. These interactions can be adjusted to suit the requirements of the microbial community or the host physiology.

Microbiota Communities of Healthy and Bacterial Pustule Diseased Soybean.

Soybean is an important source of protein and for a wide range of agricultural, food, and industrial applications. Soybean is being affected by Xanthomonas citri pv. glycines, a causal pathogen of bacterial pustule disease, result in a reduction in yield and quality.

Development of a novel multifocal lens using a polarization directed flat lens: possible candidate for a multifocal intraocular lens.

Background: A polarization-directed flat (PDF) lens acts as a converging lens with a focal length (f) > 0 and a diverging lens with f < 0, depending on the polarization state of the incidental light. To produce a multifocal lens with two focal lengths, a PDF and a converging lens having shorter focal length were combined. In this study, we tested a bifocal PDF to determine its potential as a new multifocal intraocular lens (IOL).

Glutamic acid reshapes the plant microbiota to protect plants against pathogens.

Background: Plants in nature interact with other species, among which are mutualistic microorganisms that affect plant health. The co-existence of microbial symbionts with the host contributes to host fitness in a natural context. In turn, the composition of the plant microbiota responds to the environment and the state of the host, raising the possibility that it can be engineered to benefit the plant.