Effect of Modification by β-Amylase and α-Glucosidase on the Structural and Physicochemical Properties of Maize Starch.

Single enzymatic modifications are limited to starch. Complex modification with synergistic amylases will improve starch properties more significantly. In this study, maize starch was compound modified by β-amylase and α-glucosidase.

T Cell Subsets and Immune Homeostasis.

T cells are a heterogeneous group of cells that can be classified into different subtypes according to different classification methods. The body's immune system has a highly complex and effective regulatory network that allows for the relative stability of immune system function. Maintaining proper T cell homeostasis is essential for promoting protective immunity and limiting autoimmunity and tumor formation.

The roles of fungus in CNS autoimmune and neurodegeneration disorders.

Fungal infection or proliferation in our body is capable of initiation of strong inflammation and immune responses that result in different consequences, including infection-trigged organ injury and inflammation-related remote organ dysfunction. Fungi associated infectious diseases have been well recognized in the clinic. However, whether fungi play an important role in non-infectious central nervous system disease is still to be elucidated.

A monoamine oxidase B inhibitor ethyl ferulate suppresses microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and alleviates ischemic brain injury.

Microglia are the resident macrophages in the brain, which play a critical role in post-stroke neuroinflammation. Accordingly, targeting neuroinflammation could be a promising strategy to improve ischemic stroke outcomes. Ethyl ferulate (EF) has been confirmed to possess anti-inflammatory properties in several disease models, including acute lung injury, retinal damage and diabetes-associated renal injury.

Identification of a Small Molecule with Strong Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Sepsis through Blocking Gasdermin D Activation.

Pyroptosis is a key inflammatory form of cell death participating in the progression of many inflammatory diseases, such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and sepsis. Identification of small molecules to inhibit pyroptosis is emerging as an attractive strategy. In this study, we performed a screening based on in silico docking of compounds on the reported Gasdermin D (GSDMD) three-dimensional structure and found C202-2729 demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory effects in both endotoxin shock and EAE mouse models.