Involvement of mediodorsal thalamus and its related neural circuit in pain regulation in mice.

The mediodorsal thalamus (MD) constitutes an integral component of the medial nociceptive transmission system, although its precise role and related neural pathway in pain processing remains incompletely elucidated. While anatomical studies have confirm reciprocal projections between the MD and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), the functional contribution of ACC-MD neural circuitry to nociceptive regulation has not yet been systematically investigated. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry, pharmacogenetic manipulations, and multidimensional behavioral assessments to investigate the role of the MD and ACC-MD pathway in pain modulation.

Involvement of a central amygdaloid nucleus-lateral habenular nucleus pathway in the processing of formalin-induced pain.

The central amygdaloid nucleus (CeA) and the lateral habenular nucleus (LHb) are essential nuclei playing modulatory roles in encoding noxious stimuli. Their interaction has recently been demonstrated in chronic pain-induced depression. However, little is known about the CeA-LHb pathway in a formalin-induced pain model.

Polycationic γ-Cyclodextrin with Amino Side Chains for a Highly Efficient Anti-Heparin Coagulant.

Multicharged cyclodextrins have attracted significant attention because of their applications in biology and pharmaceuticals. This study reports an aminoethoxy-phenyl-pyridinium-modified γ-cyclodextrin (PyA-γ-CD) as a highly efficient coagulant for heparin through multivalent interactions. The UV titration experiment is performed to obtain apparent binding constants (K) between PyA-γ-CD and heparin as high as 9.

Alpha-Asarone modulates kynurenine disposal in muscle and mediates resilience to stress-induced depression via PGC-1α induction.

Introduction: Kynurenine (KYN) accumulation in periphery induces brain injury, responsible for depression. α-Asarone is a simple phenylpropanoids that exerts beneficial effects on central nervous system. However, the effect of α-asarone on periphery is unexplored.