Excessive Daytime Sleepiness Should Be Systematically Assessed in Individuals With Insomnia: A Population-Based Study Employing a Virtual Agent-Based Digital Tool.

Insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) often co-occur, despite involving distinct physiological mechanisms. The KANOPÉE application, a fully autonomous virtual agent that collects sleep-related data and delivers personalised behavioural recommendations over a 17-day period, offers a unique opportunity to better understand this unexpected phenotype. Our primary aim was to characterise these 'sleepy insomniacs', and our secondary aim was to evaluate their response to this digital sleep intervention.

Predicting the response to Lorazepam in catatonia: a network analysis approach.

Background: Lorazepam, a widely used benzodiazepine, is the first-line treatment for catatonia. In case of resistance to Lorazepam, a trial-and-error approach is usually followed, increasing the risk of severe medical complications. To date, the mechanisms underlying non-response to Lorazepam remain unclear.

The role of clinicians in the looping effect: epistemic injustices and looping breaks.

The debate on whether psychiatric disorders can be studied as natural kinds has raised controversy, reviving socio-constructionist arguments about the influence of social factors on psychiatric categories. A key concept in this discussion is the "looping effect", which describes how individuals change in response to their classifications, necessitating revisions to those classifications. We argue that, until now, the broad discussions around the looping effect have greatly failed to integrate the perspectives surrounding clinicians and patients.

Conceptual competences in philosophy of psychiatry: A cross-sectional survey.

Objectives: The complexity of psychiatry requires an integrated approach that combines empirical practice, experiential insight, and theoretical reflection. This study, integrated within a broader international project, aimed to assess self-reported conceptual competences among French psychiatry students and practitioners, underlining the pedagogical necessity of integrating philosophy into psychiatry education to address both clinical and research challenges.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among French psychiatric residents, practicing psychiatrists, and retired psychiatrists recruited through professional networks and associations.

Sensory Processing in Individuals With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Compared With Control Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and atypical sensory processing patterns.

Method: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from their inception until June 30, 2024. Studies examining sensory processing patterns using questionnaires in participants with a diagnosis of ADHD compared with healthy controls were included.

Clinical physiology of circadian rhythms: A systematic and hierarchized content analysis of circadian questionnaires.

Circadian rhythms are near-24 h patterns of physiology and behavior associated with several physical and mental health outcomes. Self-report questionnaires are routinely used and practical tools to assess circadian rhythms. However, the extent to which these questionnaires capture the relevant parameters and can be used interchangeably is unknown.

Symptom network analysis of prefrontal seizures.

Objective: Prefrontal seizures pose significant challenges in accurately identifying the complex interactions between clinical manifestations and brain electrophysiological activities. This proof-of-concept study aims to propose a new approach to rigorously support electroclinical reasoning in the field of epilepsy.

Methods: We analyzed stereoelectroencephalographic data from 42 patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy, whose seizures involved prefrontal cortex at seizure onset.

Reshaping computational neuropsychiatry beyond synaptopathy.

Computational neuropsychiatry is a leading discipline in explaining psychopathology in terms of neuronal message passing, distributed processing and belief propagation in neuronal networks. Active Inference (AI) is a way of representing this dysfunctional signal processing. According to the AI approach, all neuronal processing and action selection can be explained by maximizing Bayesian model evidence or minimizing variational free energy.

Clinical significance criteria in the ICSD and DSM sleep disorder classifications: a content overlap analysis using the Jaccard index.

Study Objectives: Both the (ICSD) and the sleep-wake disorders section of the (DSM) emphasize the importance of clinical judgment in distinguishing the normal from the pathological in sleep medicine. The fourth edition of the DSM (DSM-IV, 1994) introduced the clinical significance criterion (CSC) to standardize this judgment and enhance diagnostic reliability.

Methods: This review conducts a theoretical and historical content analysis of CSC presence, frequency, and formulation in the diagnostic criteria of sleep disorders.

Craving changes in first 14 days of addiction treatment: an outcome predictor of 5 years substance use status?

Addiction is considered a chronic disorder that requires long-term treatment. Early identification of predictors of outcome may enable better and early adjustment of treatment. Daily fluctuations of craving have been shown to predict substance use within hours, making it a major target for treatment.

Early auditory impairments as a candidate marker of attenuated sensory symptoms of psychosis.

Background And Hypothesis: Deficits in early auditory processing (EAP), as indexed by tone-matching performance, have been consistently demonstrated in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. However, the ontogeny of tone-matching deficits in schizophrenia remains relatively unknown. The current study aims to determine the relationship between clinical high risk for psychosis and EAP.

Proposing a definition for sleep disorders: An epistemological review.

To establish an overarching definition of what constitutes a sleep disorder, it is essential to know which health conditions should be included in the classifications of sleep disorders and to better distinguish the normal from the pathological in sleep medicine. This would bring together several professional organizations in their understanding of this hitherto heterogeneous concept. However, no consensus regarding a general definition of a sleep disorder currently exists.

Exploring the interplay of clinical reasoning and artificial intelligence in psychiatry: Current insights and future directions.

For many years, it has been widely accepted in the psychiatric field that clinical practice cannot be reduced to finely tuned statistical prediction systems utilizing diverse clinical data. Clinicians are recognized for their unique and irreplaceable roles. In this brief historical overview, viewed through the lens of artificial intelligence (AI), we propose that comprehending the reasoning behind AI can enhance our understanding of clinical reasoning.

Accepting multiple conditions in psychiatry: From comorbidity to multimorbidity.

The concept of multimorbidity in psychiatry refers to the coexistence of multiple health conditions without conceptualizing a central disorder referring to a patient-centered approach that views every diagnosis equally. It emphasizes a shift from focusing on an index disorder to considering interrelated symptoms crucial in psychiatry due to frequent multimorbidity patterns. In clinical practice, multimorbidity guides patient-centered care helping to address the holistic needs of patients and challenging the organization of mental health care.

Predictors of substance use during treatment for addiction: A network analysis of ecological momentary assessment data.

Background And Aims: Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies have previously demonstrated a prospective influence of craving on substance use in the following hours. Conceptualizing substance use as a dynamic system of causal elements could provide valuable insights into the interaction of craving with other symptoms in the process of relapse. The aim of this study was to improve the understanding of these daily life dynamic inter-relationships by applying dynamic networks analyses to EMA data sets.

Impacts of risk thresholds and age on clinical high risk for psychosis: a comparative network analysis.

One of the main goals for supporting people with a psychotic disorder is early detection and intervention, and the detection of Clinical High Risk (CHR) is a major challenge in this respect. This study sought to compare core symptoms of CHR for psychosis networks based on two CHR self-assessment tools, across different risk thresholds and age groups. This cross-sectional online investigation analyzed 936 individuals for CHR, in France and the UK, with the Prodromal Questionnaire-16 (PQ-16) and the Perceptual and Cognitive Aberrations (PCA).

Addressing the elephant in the screening room: an item response theory analysis of the Prodromal Questionnaire for at-risk symptoms of psychosis.

Objective: Patients at risk of psychosis present a variety of symptoms, and identifying the most discriminative symptoms is essential for efficient detection and treatment.

Methods: This cross-sectional online study analyzed individuals from the general population to better assess their risk of symptoms classified as clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. The 16-item Prodromal Questionnaire was applied as a self-report screening tool.