Post-transcriptional control of antifungal resistance in human fungal pathogens.

Global estimates suggest that over 300 million individuals of all ages are affected by serious fungal infections every year, culminating in about 1.7 million deaths. The societal and economic burden on the public health sector due to opportunistic fungal pathogens is quite significant, especially among immunocompromised patients.

Delineation of the Direct Contribution of Candida auris Mutations to Clinical Triazole Resistance.

Resistance to fluconazole is one of clinical characteristics most frequently challenging the treatment of invasive Candida auris infections, and is observed among >90% of all characterized clinical isolates. In this work, the native C. auris allele in a previously characterized fluconazole-susceptible clinical isolate was replaced with the alleles from three highly fluconazole-resistant clinical isolates (MIC ≥256 mg/L), encoding the amino acid substitutions VF125AL, Y132F, and K143R, using Cas9-ribonucleoprotein (RNP) mediated transformation system.

Molecular and genetic basis of azole antifungal resistance in the opportunistic pathogenic fungus Candida albicans.

Candida albicans is an opportunistic yeast and the major human fungal pathogen in the USA, as well as in many other regions of the world. Infections with C. albicans can range from superficial mucosal and dermatological infections to life-threatening infections of the bloodstream and vital organs.

Genomic perspective of triazole resistance in clinical and environmental Aspergillus fumigatus isolates without cyp51A mutations.

Aspergillus fumigatus is the most common etiologic agent of primarily all clinical manifestations of aspergillosis. A steady increase in the number of azole resistant A. fumigatus (ARAF) isolates from environment and clinical samples leading to therapeutic failures in clinical settings have alarmed the mycologists and clinicians worldwide.

In vitro combination of voriconazole with micafungin against azole-resistant clinical isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus from different geographical regions.

In vitro interaction of voriconazole with micafungin was evaluated against 33 clinical Aspergillus fumigatus isolates, including azole-resistant (n=31) and -susceptible (n=2) isolates. Interaction was synergistic for only 1 resistant isolate carrying the TR/L98H mutation. No antagonistic effects were observed for 96.

A multicentre study of antifungal susceptibility patterns among 350 Candida auris isolates (2009-17) in India: role of the ERG11 and FKS1 genes in azole and echinocandin resistance.

Background: Candida auris has emerged globally as an MDR nosocomial pathogen in ICU patients.

Objectives: We studied the antifungal susceptibility of C. auris isolates (n = 350) from 10 hospitals in India collected over a period of 8 years.

Investigation of Multiple Resistance Mechanisms in Voriconazole-Resistant Aspergillus flavus Clinical Isolates from a Chest Hospital Surveillance in Delhi, India.

Invasive and allergic infections by are more common in tropical and subtropical countries. The emergence of voriconazole (VRC) resistance in impacts the management of aspergillosis, as azoles are used as the first-line and empirical therapy. We screened 120 molecularly confirmed isolates obtained from respiratory and sinonasal specimens in a chest hospital in Delhi, India, for azole resistance using the CLSI broth microdilution (CLSI-BMD) method.

Azole-Resistant Aspergillosis: Epidemiology, Molecular Mechanisms, and Treatment.

Aspergillus fumigatus remains the most common species in all pulmonary syndromes, followed by Aspergillus flavus which is a common cause of allergic rhinosinusitis, postoperative aspergillosis and fungal keratitis. The manifestations of Aspergillus infections include invasive aspergillosis, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis and bronchitis. Allergic manifestations of inhaled Aspergillus include allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and severe asthma with fungal sensitization.

Molecular bases of antifungal resistance in filamentous fungi.

Invasive mould infections due to Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Scedosporium spp.

Whole Genome-Based Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis Reveals Genetic Diversity in .

This study aimed at investigating the genetic diversity of a panel of strains recovered from vaginal samples in different countries. All fungal strains were heterozygous at the mating-type-like locus and belonged to the genotype A of . Moreover, all examined strains lack -acetylglucosamine assimilation and sequence analysis of the gene showed a distinctive polymorphism that impair the utilization of this amino sugar in this yeast.

Comparison of EUCAST and CLSI Reference Microdilution MICs of Eight Antifungal Compounds for Candida auris and Associated Tentative Epidemiological Cutoff Values.

is an emerging multidrug-resistant yeast. So far, all but two susceptibility testing studies have examined ≤50 isolates, mostly with the CLSI method. We investigated CLSI and EUCAST MICs for 123 isolates and eight antifungals and evaluated various methods for epidemiological cutoff (ECOFF) determinations.

Arabidopsis CBL interacting protein kinase 3 interacts with ABR1, an APETALA2 domain transcription factor, to regulate ABA responses.

Calcium (Ca) plays a vital role as a second messenger in several signaling pathways in plants. The calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) represent a family of plant calcium-binding proteins that function in propagating Ca signals by interacting with CBL interacting protein kinases (CIPKs). Phosphorylation of CBL by CIPK is essential for the module to display full activity towards its target protein.

Diversity and origins of Indian multi-triazole resistant strains of Aspergillus fumigatus.

Aspergillus fumigatus is a widespread opportunistic fungal pathogen causing an alarmingly high mortality rate in immunocompromised patients. Nosocomial infections by drug-resistant A. fumigatus strains are of particular concern, and there is a pressing need to understand the origin, dispersal and long-term evolution of drug resistance in this organism.

Draft Genome Sequence of a Fluconazole-Resistant Candida auris Strain from a Candidemia Patient in India.

Candida auris is a multidrug-resistant yeast incriminated in a wide spectrum of invasive infections, especially in intensive care settings. The first draft genome sequence of C. auris, VPCI 479/P/13, from a case with fungemia was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform.

Triazole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus harbouring G54 mutation: Is it de novo or environmentally acquired?

Triazole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus develops in patients with chronic lung diseases receiving long-term azole therapy or by environmental selection of resistant A. fumigatus. Here we report for the first time the isolation of triazole-resistant A.

Prevalence and mechanism of triazole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus in a referral chest hospital in Delhi, India and an update of the situation in Asia.

Aspergillus fumigatus causes varied clinical syndromes ranging from colonization to deep infections. The mainstay of therapy of Aspergillus diseases is triazoles but several studies globally highlighted variable prevalence of triazole resistance, which hampers the management of aspergillosis. We studied the prevalence of resistance in clinical A.

Multidrug-Resistant Candida auris Misidentified as Candida haemulonii: Characterization by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry and DNA Sequencing and Its Antifungal Susceptibility Profile Variability by Vitek 2, CLSI Broth Microdilution, and Etest Method.

Candida auris is a multidrug-resistant yeast that causes a wide spectrum of infections, especially in intensive care settings. We investigated C. auris prevalence among 102 clinical isolates previously identified as Candida haemulonii or Candida famata by the Vitek 2 system.

Molecular epidemiology and in-vitro antifungal susceptibility of Aspergillus terreus species complex isolates in Delhi, India: evidence of genetic diversity by amplified fragment length polymorphism and microsatellite typing.

Aspergillus terreus is emerging as an etiologic agent of invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised individuals in several medical centers in the world. Infections due to A. terreus are of concern due to its resistance to amphotericin B, in vivo and in vitro, resulting in poor response to antifungal therapy and high mortality.

Multi-azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in the environment in Tanzania.

Objectives: Azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus isolates has been increasingly reported with variable prevalence worldwide and is challenging the effective management of aspergillosis. Here we report the coexistence of both TR₃₄/L98H and TR₄₆/Y121F/T289A resistance mechanisms in azole-resistant A. fumigatus (ARAF) isolates originating from Tanzania, Africa.

Exploring azole antifungal drug resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus with special reference to resistance mechanisms.

Aspergillus fumigatus, a ubiquitously distributed opportunistic pathogen, is the global leading cause of aspergillosis. Azole antifungals play an important role in the management of aspergillosis. However, over a decade, azole resistance in A.