Molecular subtyping and the 2023 FIGO staging in endometrial cancer: Redefining adjuvant therapy.

The 2023 update to the FIGO staging system for endometrial cancer has introduced important changes, particularly in classifying early disease, which now more effectively aligns with histological types and molecular profiles to guide treatment strategies. In recent years, molecular classification, including the identification of POLE mutations, mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR), and p53 abnormalities, has become essential in tailoring adjuvant therapies for patients with endometrial cancer. Women with new FIGO stage I non-TP53-mutated tumors, and stage I/II POLE-mutated tumors generally have excellent outcomes, and adjuvant therapy is typically not recommended.

Recent advances in cervical cancer treatment: Innovations from early-stage to advanced disease.

This article provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in cervical cancer treatment, highlighting significant breakthroughs in managing the disease at various stages. Traditional treatments, such as radical surgery for early-stage disease and concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) for advanced stages, have dominated clinical practice for decades. However, recent phase III studies have challenged these norms, leading to new treatment paradigms.

Prognostic nomogram for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer in the era of homologous recombination testing and PARP inhibitor therapy.

Homologous recombination (HR) status plays a critical role in selecting advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients for poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) therapy. This study aimed to develop a novel nomogram to predict prognosis in these patients in the era of precision medicine. We conducted a single-institute retrospective analysis on patients diagnosed with advanced EOC between January 2021 and January 2024.

Molecular Interplay Between PTEN, ARID1A, PD-L1, and MMR in Asian Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma: Implications for Immunotherapy Response and Patient Stratification.

Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) represents a distinct histological subtype with a high prevalence in Asian populations and poor chemotherapy response. This study investigated molecular interactions between phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), AT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and mismatch repair (MMR) proteins in Asian patients with OCCC. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on tissue microarrays from 69 OCCC cases.

External validation of CEA and CA125 prediction model for lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer: A multi-institute cohort study.

BackgroundWe previously utilized pretreatment tumor markers Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) and Cancer Antigen 125 (CA125) for predicting lymph node metastasis (LNM) in endometrioid endometrial cancer (EC).ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to externally validate a nomogram developed in our previous single-center retrospective study.MethodsA multi-center validation study was conducted to recruit endometrioid EC patients from four branches of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital between 2009 and 2021, with patients participating in the original research being excluded.

Prevalence of homologous recombination deficiency among women with newly diagnosed ovarian, primary peritoneal, and/or fallopian tube cancer: the international HALO study.

Objective: The HALO study (NCT04991051) determined the prevalence of homologous recombination deficiency and its associated factors in patients with high-grade serous/endometrioid ovarian, primary peritoneal, and/or fallopian tube cancers across Asia, the Middle East, and Russia.

Methods: This multinational, cross-sectional, real-world study enrolled adult women with newly diagnosed stage III or IV high-grade serous/endometrioid ovarian, primary peritoneal, and/or fallopian tube cancers. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor blocks were collected within 120 days of enrollment.

Bevacizumab as a mitigating factor for the impact of high systemic immune-inflammation index on chemorefractory in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.

Background: Predicting chemorefractory disease in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains challenging. This study aimed to identify clinicopathological factors and hemogram data as predictive markers for chemorefractory EOC and to explore potential therapeutic approaches that may mitigate these unfavorable conditions.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with advanced EOC treated with chemotherapy.

Lifestyle factors and urine levels of organophosphorus flame retardants in endometrial cancer: insights from a case-control study.

Background: Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are commonly used in various consumer products to prevent fire hazards. However, OPFRs have been linked to several health problems, including cancer. This study aimed to investigate the association between urine levels of OPFRs and endometrial cancer (EC), and to explore the correlation between concentrations of parent OPFR compounds and their metabolites.

A nomogram to predict platinum-sensitivity and survival outcome in women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.

Objective: This study presents the development and validation of a nomogram aimed at predicting platinum-sensitivity and survival outcomes in women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).

Materials And Methods: Data from a retrospective cohort of women diagnosed with stage III/IV EOC between Jan 2011 and Dec 2021 treated at our institute were collected. Clinical and pathological characteristics were analyzed using logistic regression analysis to identify independent predictors of platinum-sensitivity.

How Progesterone Receptor Expression Impacts Platinum Sensitivity in Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma: Insights from Clinical and Experimental Perspectives.

Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is often considered a relatively platinum-resistant malignancy. The aim of this study was to explore the influence of progesterone receptor (PR) expression levels on platinum sensitivity and survival outcomes in people with OCCC. A retrospective analysis was conducted with 80 people with OCCC who underwent surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy.

Evolving treatment paradigms for platinum-resistant ovarian cancer: An update narrative review.

Platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (PROC) refers to disease progression within 6 months after the completion of platinum-based chemotherapy. Historically, treatment options for PROC were limited with a poor prognosis and non-platinum single agent plus bevacizumab has been the mainstay of treatment. Fortunately, there have been notable advancements in recent years, leading to an advance in treatment paradigms for this challenging disease.

Consistency in human papillomavirus type detection between self-collected vaginal specimens and physician-sampled cervical specimens.

With the rising need for accessible cervical cancer screening, self-sampling methods offer a promising alternative to traditional physician-led sampling. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the HygeiaTouch Self Sampling Kit for Women in detecting human papillomavirus (HPV) types and predicting cervical lesions. We studied the concordance in identifying high-risk HPV (hrHPV) types between samples collected by physicians and those self-collected by women using a self-sampling kit for validation.

Integration of pretreatment tumor markers in a nomogram model for prognostic prediction of FIGO stage I endometrial cancer: A multi-institutional cohort study.

Objective: Traditionally, the prognosis of patients with FIGO stage I endometrial cancer is determined by clinicopathological risk factors. In this study, we assessed the potential contribution of pretreatment carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen-125 (CA-125) levels to estimating the prognosis of these patients and aimed to develop and validate a prognostic nomogram.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients with FIGO stage I endometrial cancer who underwent treatment between January 2009 and December 2021 in the four institutes of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital.

Estrogen/Progesterone Receptor Expression and Cancer Antigen 125 Level as Preoperative Predictors to Estimate Lymph Node Metastasis in Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer.

Loss of estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor (ER/PR) in endometrial cancer (EC) is associated with tumor progression and poor outcomes. Elevated pretreatment cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) level is a risk factor for lymph node metastasis (LNM). We evaluated whether the combination of ER/PR expression and CA 125 level could be used as a biomarker to predict LNM.

Pretreatment carcinoembryonic antigen combined with cancer antigen-125 for predicting lymph node metastasis in endometrial carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: To investigate whether the cost-effective, pretreatment tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen-125 (CA-125) can be used to predict lymph node metastasis (LNM) in endometrioid-type endometrial cancer (EC) and to develop a predictive model.

Methods: This was a single-center retrospective study of patients with endometrioid-type EC who underwent complete staging surgery between January 2015 and June 2022. We identified the optimal cut-off values of CEA and CA-125 for predicting LNM using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Case report: Durable response after pembrolizumab in combination with radiation - induced abscopal effect in platinum - refractory metastatic endometrial clear cell carcinoma.

Advanced endometrial clear cell carcinoma (CCC) tends to have poor prognosis owing to aggressive clinical behavior and poor response to conventional chemotherapy. Herein, we report a case of platinum-refractory recurrent ECCC successfully treated with the combination of pembrolizumab, localized radiotherapy and a few cycles of chemotherapy with an extremely durable response even after cessation of immunotherapy for 3 years at the time of publication.

Endometrial Cancer Detection Using a Cervical DNA Methylation Assay (MPap) in Women with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: A Multicenter Hospital-Based Validation Study.

Background: We describe a DNA methylation assay, named MPap test, using cervical scraping as an alternative technique for endometrial cancer detection.

Methods: A multicenter hospital-based, two-stage validation study was conducted to validate the cancer detection performance of the MPap test. The MPap value was determined from the DNA methylation status of two genes () and combined with two other clinical variables (age, BMI).

Rare live birth to a 48-year-old woman after embryo transfer with autologous oocyte: A case report.

Objective: Advanced maternal age and decreased ovarian reserve have been challenges for assisted reproductive technology (ART). Few cases, using autologous oocytes more than 46-years-old, have previously been reported. We seek to show how the age at which autologous oocytes may successfully be employed may be increasing.

Quantitative Measurement of Progesterone Receptor Immunohistochemical Expression to Predict Lymph Node Metastasis in Endometrial Cancer.

Background: Previous studies have shown that loss of progesterone receptor (PR) in endometrial cancer (EC) is associated with poor outcomes. Evaluating lymph node metastasis (LNM) is essential, especially before surgical staging. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of PR expression and other clinicopathological parameters in LNM and to develop a prediction model.

Effects of Icodextrin Solution (Adept) on Ovarian Cancer Cell Proliferation in an In Vitro Model.

Anti-adhesion barriers are currently used during ovarian cancer surgery to decrease adhesion-related morbidity. Adept (4% icodextrin) solution, a liquid anti-adhesion material, has been widely used during gynecologic surgeries, though the risk of this barrier for oncologic surgery is controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Adept solution on the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells.

Synchronous/metachronous endometrial and colorectal malignancies in Taiwanese women: a population-based nationwide study.

Introduction: Endometrial cancer (EC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) may share a common genetic background. In a subset of patients, the two malignancies can coexist either at the time of diagnosis (synchronous) or develop consequently (metachronous). The purpose of this nationwide, population-based study was to investigate the occurrence and clinical outcomes of synchronous/metachronous EC/CRC in Taiwanese women.

Evaluation of sexual dysfunction in gynecologic cancer survivors using DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.

Background: In gynecologic cancer survivors, female sexual dysfunction (FSD) remains under-investigated. We attempted to estimate the prevalence of FSD associated with distress in gynecologic cancer survivors using diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders fifth edition (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria and to identify women at risk for FSD.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of premenopausal women aged 20-50 with various gynecologic cancers at least one year after treatment between January 2017 and December 2019.