Improvement of neuropsychological and cognitive functions in older adults through transcranial vibroacoustic stimulation: a double blind, randomized, comparative trial.

Introduction: Cognitive impairments are critical global public health issues. Recent research has focused on developing non-invasive methods for cognitive enhancement with the potential to slow cognitive decline. This study aimed to explore the effects of transcranial vibroacoustic stimulation (tVAS) on neuropsychological and cognitive functions in older adults.

Vitamin D Deficiency and Secondary Hyperparathyroidism as Potential Causes of Idiopathic Knee Angular Deformity: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Comparative Study.

Background: Genu valgum and genu varum have various causes; however, the cause in some children remains unknown, leading to a diagnosis of idiopathic angular deformity. In this study, we investigated whether vitamin D deficiency could lead to idiopathic knee angular deformity in the absence of typical radiographic findings of rickets by examining serum markers in affected children and controls.

Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional comparative study, we evaluated 38 children aged 7 to 14 years with genu valgum or varum without medical conditions or radiographic findings affecting lower limb alignment and 29 controls.

Morphological Risk Factors for Pediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears and Tibial Spine Fractures.

Background: Both tibial spine fractures (TSFs) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears result in functional loss of knee stability. Nonetheless, it remains unclear why some patients sustain ACL tears, whereas others have TSFs.

Purpose: To identify the common morphological risk factors for pediatric ACL tears and TSFs and to determine the morphological differences between them using multiplanar reconstruction of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Treatment Outcomes at Skeletal Maturity After Physeal-sparing Procedures for Early-onset Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis Using a Long Screw With a Short-threaded Tip.

Background: Physeal-sparing procedures are preferred for treating early-onset slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), reducing limb-length discrepancy (LLD), and femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). This study aimed to investigate the treatment outcomes after physeal-sparing procedures for early-onset SCFE.

Methods: We reviewed medical and radiographic records of SCFE patients from 1992 to 2022.

Development and Validation of a Shorthand Knee MRI Atlas for Bone Age Estimation in the Korean Population.

Background: Estimating skeletal maturity is crucial for treating pediatric knee conditions. Recently, a knee bone age atlas based on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of pediatric and adolescent population in Southern California (the San Diego atlas) was published. However, its accuracy in other populations has not been verified.

Comparison of Malondialdehyde, Acetylcholinesterase, and Apoptosis-Related Markers in the Cortex and Hippocampus of Cognitively Dysfunctional Mice Induced by Scopolamine.

Until now, many researchers have conducted evaluations on hippocampi for analyses of cognitive dysfunction models using scopolamine. However, depending on the purposes of these analyses, there are differences in the experimental results for the hippocampi and cortexes. Therefore, this study intends to compare various analyses of cognitive dysfunction after scopolamine administration with each other in hippocampi and cortexes.

Vibrotactile stimulation at 40 Hz inhibits Aβ-induced changes in SH-SY5Y, BV2 cells, and pericytes.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a major societal challenge, yet no definitive cure exists. Noninvasive brain stimulation methods, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation, have shown promise in alleviating cognitive symptoms associated with neurodegenerative disorders. This study investigated the effects of 40 Hz vibrotactile stimulation on AD-related cellular responses using SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, primary human brain pericytes, and BV2 microglia.

Outcome of Locking Plate Fixation Adjunctive to Intramedullary Rodding in Osteogenesis Imperfecta Patients.

Background: An intramedullary rodding is the preferred fixation method in limb stabilization of OI patients. However, the intramedullary rod may not provide adequate fixation and rotational stability, especially in adolescents and adults. The incorporation of adjunctive plate fixation alongside intramedullary rodding has been introduced to enhance this stability, although its complications remain insufficiently understood.

Two families with spondylo-epi-metaphyseal dysplasia due to compound heterozygocity in the vWFA domain of MATN3.

Heterozygous variants of MATN3 is one of the common causes of multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED). Here we report three individuals from two unrelated families who harbor compound heterozygous variants in MATN3 (p.Arg121Trp and p.

Evaluation of Tibial Slope on Radiographs in Pediatric Patients With Tibial Spine Fractures: An Age- and Sex-Matched Study.

Background: A recent study has reported that the radiographic measurement of posterior tibial slope (PTS) is larger in male pediatric patients with tibial spine fractures (TSF) than in controls. However, they found no difference in PTS between female patients and controls.

Purpose: (1) To identify whether PTS is larger in female pediatric patients with TSF than in female controls and (2) to validate the relationship between PTS and pediatric TSF in male patients.

Typical Development of the Secondary Ossification Centers of the Acetabulum and Their Effects on Acetabular Coverage of the Femoral Head.

Background: We investigated the normal development of the secondary ossification centers of the acetabulum, focusing on their location and the amount of acetabular coverage increased by them.

Methods: We enrolled 132 patients who were 7 to 16 years of age and had no pelvic deformity but did have ≥1 os ischium, os ilium, and/or os pubis on abdominal or pelvic computed tomographic (CT) scans. The locations of the ossification centers were evaluated by adopting an orientation using 0° for the superior acetabulum, 90° for the anterior acetabulum, 180° for the inferior acetabulum, and 270° for the posterior acetabulum, on a reconstructed 3-dimensional (3D) CT image.

Characteristics of terminal hemimelia: What is the difference between terminal hemimelia and classic fibular hemimelia?

Purpose: Fibular hemimelia has denoted a spectrum of postaxial longitudinal deficiency with fibular aplasia/hypoplasia; the term "terminal hemimelia" is reserved for patients with postaxial longitudinal deficiency having a normal fibula. We aimed to delineate the characteristics of terminal hemimelia.

Methods: In total, 30 patients with postaxial longitudinal deficiency who had a normal or hypoplastic fibula and visited our institution between 1992 and 2022 were reviewed.

The role of Tc-DPD bone SPECT/CT in the management of growth disturbance of the long bones in pediatric patients: a retrospective observational study.

Backgrounds: Determining the precise localization of diseased physes is crucial for guiding the treatment of growth disturbances. Conventional radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging only provide information on physeal anatomy. Planar bone scintigraphy and bone single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) resolutions are suboptimal for clinically managing growth disturbances.

When to Combine Acetabular Osteotomy in Patients With Proximal Femoral Deformity Causing Residual Hip Dysplasia/Subluxation After Reduction of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip.

Background: After the successful reduction of developmental dysplasia of the hip, residual hip dysplasia may persist and lead to early osteoarthritis. Femoral and/or acetabular osteotomy has been used to address this problem. The purpose of this study is to determine the indication of femoral versus combined femoral-acetabular osteotomy in the management of residual hip dysplasia.

Clinical and radiological outcomes of surgically treated osteochondral lesions of the talus in children and adolescents.

Background: Osteochondral lesions of the talus are uncommon in children and adolescents. Surgical procedures differ from those used for adults to avoid iatrogenic physeal injuries. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of surgical treatment in pediatric patients with osteochondral lesions, specifically investigating the patient age and the status of distal tibial physis as factors associated with surgical success.

Development and evaluation of deep-learning measurement of leg length discrepancy: bilateral iliac crest height difference measurement.

Background: Leg length discrepancy (LLD) is a common problem that can cause long-term musculoskeletal problems. However, measuring LLD on radiography is time-consuming and labor intensive, despite being a simple task.

Objective: To develop and evaluate a deep-learning algorithm for measurement of LLD on radiographs.

Deciphering Epigenetic Backgrounds in a Korean Cohort with Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome.

Background: Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a congenital overgrowth disorder caused by genetic or epigenetic alterations at two imprinting centers (ICs) in the 11p15.5 region. Delineation of the molecular defects is important for prognosis and predicting familial recurrence.

Effect of Leg Length Discrepancy on Lateral Center-edge Angle Measurement.

Background: In patients with leg length discrepancy (LLD) and consequent pelvic obliquity, either the longitudinal axis of the pelvis or a line perpendicular to the ground may be used as the longitudinal reference line for measuring the lateral center-edge angle (LCEA). We aimed to (1) systematically inspect which longitudinal reference line has been used for measuring the LCEA in previous studies; (2) evaluate the frequency of change in the radiographical classification of acetabular overcoverage or undercoverage per the longitudinal reference line; and (3) validate the trigonometric method, predicting the change in the LCEA according to the LLD.

Methods: Studies investigating the LCEA published between January 1976 and July 2019 in the MEDLINE database were categorized according to the longitudinal reference line used.

Intra-articular acetabular osteochondroma in patients with multiple hereditary exostoses.

We report three additional cases of intra-articular acetabular osteochondroma in multiple hereditary exostoses patients in order to raise the awareness of this rare location, to prompt early diagnosis, and to present various treatment options according to the patient's condition. A 2.5-year-old boy presenting with an out-toeing gait had a large acetabular osteochondroma causing lateral displacement of the femoral head and acetabular dysplasia.

Prospective study of epigenetic alterations responsible for isolated hemihyperplasia/hemihypoplasia and their association with leg length discrepancy.

Background: Hemihyperplasia and hemihypoplasia result in leg length discrepancy (LLD) by causing skeletal asymmetry. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) are opposite growth-affecting disorders caused by opposite epigenetic alterations at the same chromosomal locus, 11p15, to induce hemihyperplasia and hemihypoplasia, respectively. Because of their somatic mosaicism, BWS and SRS show a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes.

Acute correction of proximal tibial coronal plane deformity in small children using a small monolateral external fixator with or without cross-pinning.

Purpose: Surgical correction of proximal tibia deformity in small children can be challenging. We present the surgical technique and outcome of proximal tibia osteotomy fixed with small monolateral external fixator in this patient group.

Methods: A total of 17 cases in eight patients younger than nine years of age were study subjects.