Plant- and microalgae-made fish vaccines.

Fish aquaculture is one of the fastest-growing food sectors, fencing disease problems for sustainable production. The need for "aquatic" vaccines has been inevitable. Plants and microalgae have been developed for decades as affordable vaccine production and oral delivery platforms for terrestrial animals and human beings.

Advancing the design of the kissing bug kill trap for surveillance of triatomines.

Standardized surveillance and control of kissing bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae), the insect vectors of the Chagas disease parasite , which causes Chagas disease, remains difficult. The Kissing Bug Kill Trap consists of solar powered LED lights mounted over a column of black funnels. It operates autonomously to capture, kill and preserve triatomines.

Perspectives on the use of the CRISPR system in plants to improve recombinant therapeutic protein production.

The plant-based system is a promising platform for producing biotherapeutics due to its scalability, cost-effectiveness, and lower risk of contamination by human pathogens. However, several challenges remain, including optimizing yield, stability, functionality, and the immunogenic properties of recombinant proteins. In this context, this review explores the application of CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) technology to improve the production of recombinant therapeutic proteins in plants.

Trained immunity-based Adjuvated vaccines (TIbAV) approach: β-glucans as example.

The induction of trained immunity (TRIM) has emerged as an approach to fight against diseases. Several β-glucans and vaccines have been identified as trained immunity inductors, allowing heterologous protection for infectious diseases. Curiously, β-glucans from yeast, fungal, and plant species have been evaluated in clinical trials as vaccine adjuvants to combat infectious and non-communicable diseases.

Plant-made trained immunity-based vaccines: Beyond one approach.

Plant-made vaccines and trained immunity-based vaccines (TIbV or TRAIMbV) represent two strategies for enhancing immunity against diseases. Plants provide an effective and cost-efficient vaccine production platform, while TIbV induces innate immune memory that can protect against both homologous and heterologous diseases. Both strategies are generally compatible; however, they have not been explored in a transdisciplinary manner.

Immunometabolic effects of β-glucan-trained immunity in newborn goats.

Debaryomyces hansenii CBS 8339 β-glucans induced trained immunity in newborn goats. However, the metabolic shifts and potential signaling pathways have not been described yet. Thus, the present study aims to prove, firstly, modifications in cell metabolism related to trained immunity induction (β-glucans) and inhibition (MCC950) in an in vitro model upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) re-stimulation; secondly, metabolic changes and possible signaling pathways are related to immune memory induced by β-glucan per os in newborns after ex vivo re-stimulation with a bacterial pathogen.

Microencapsulates of Moringa oleifera seed extracts enhance immunological parameters of Almaco jack (Seriola rivoliana) upon Aeromonas hydrophila challenge.

Moringa oleifera seed (MoS) and spray-dried seed (Sd-Mo) were supplemented in experimental diets to Almaco Jack Seriola rivoliana, and sampled on weeks 2 and 4; also, resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila was evaluated. Chemical compounds were determined by GC/MS and polyphenols contents were determined in MoS. After 4 weeks of experimental trial, weight growth and bactericidal activity were evaluated in serum, while intestine content was obtained to determinate the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs).

Use of Immunostimulants in Shrimp Farming-A Bioeconomic Perspective.

Aquaculture is the fastest-growing food industry worldwide because it allows faster intensive production in a limited space and short time. However, the trade-off of this production scheme has led to infectious disease outbreaks that harm food production with economic impacts. Immunostimulants have entered the industry to fight against diseases by enhancing the immune system and conferring better protection against pathogens.

Modulation of systemic antioxidant and immune responses in red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) during the recovery phase of anesthesia, in preparation for grafting surgery.

The use of anesthetic agents as pre-operatory treatment to pearl seeding surgery can be stressful to organisms and activate various physiological response mechanisms. This study evaluated some parameters of the systemic antioxidant and immune responses in red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) exposed to 0.25 mL L eugenol (EUB), 3.

Prospects in the Use of Extracts in Nanoemulsions.

plants have been widely investigated for their specific compounds with medicinal properties. These bioactive compounds exert preventive and curative effects on non-communicable and infectious diseases. However, extracts have barely been investigated, although they constitute an affordable option to treat human diseases.

Phytochemical properties of Cyrtocarpa edulis peel exert antimicrobial activity and enhance immunobiological parameters in Almaco jack Seriola rivoliana cells.

Fish aquaculture has increased but also disease problems related to it, along with antimicrobial resistance. The use of medicinal plants containing phytochemicals with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities has been proposed. In this study, C.

Analysis of the potential long-lasting effects of probiotic Debaryomyces hansenii CBS 8339 on trained immunity in newborn goats.

Trained immunity has been described as the memory capacity of the innate immune system. Several microbial components have been shown to induce trained immunity. Research on the potential of probiotics to trigger these effects has been limited to a few in vitro studies but remains completely unknown in vivo.

Trained immunity-based vaccines: A vision from the one health initiative.

Trained immunity-based vaccines (TIbV or TRIMbV) represent a novel approach to combating infectious diseases. The innate immune system in animals, including humans, exhibits "memory-like" functions. Remarkably, the immunological mechanisms -both epigenetic and metabolic-) underlying this memory enables immune cells to develop defensive and protective outcomes against unspecific pathogenic infections.

Overview of Recombinant Tick Vaccines and Perspectives on the Use of Plant-Made Vaccines to Control Ticks of Veterinary Importance.

Ticks are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites that affect animals, and some of them transmit a wide range of pathogens including viruses, bacteria, and protozoa to both animals and humans. Several vaccines have shown immunogenicity and protective efficacy against ticks in animal models and definitive hosts. After several decades on anti-tick vaccine research, only a commercial vaccine based on a recombinant antigen is currently available.

A perspective on nanomaterials against Campylobacter jejuni biofilm - New control strategies.

Campylobacter jejuni - a Gram-negative bacterium - is considered the fourth cause of diarrheic diseases that can form biofilms (mono and multi-species) or colonize pre-existing biofilms adhering to both, inert or biotic surfaces; its biofilms contribute to transmission through the food chain and survival under harsh environmental conditions. Thus, developing alternatives against this pathogen is compulsory. Nanomaterials have revolutionized the way of fighting infections related to biofilms due to their unique properties compared to traditional antibiotics.

Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Organic Silicon on the Growth Performance, Blood Biochemistry, Digestive Enzymes, Morphohistology, Intestinal Microbiota and Stress Resistance in Juvenile Hybrid Tilapia ( × ).

In recent decades, interest has been aroused worldwide in the use of silicon in nutrition; however, information on its effect on nutrition and metabolism of fish is limited. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with organic silicon on the growth performance, blood biochemistry, digestive enzymes, morphohistology and intestinal microbiota and stress resistance in hybrid Tilapia (). Methodologically, six levels of organic silicon (DOS) [control (0), 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg·kg] were used to feed juvenile fish (initial weight 7.

Effect of diets containing probiotic yeast Cystobasidium benthicum and fruit Cyrtocarpa edulis on growth and immune parameters of Nile tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus).

This study investigates Cystobasidium benthicum (Cb) probiotic yeast and Cyrtocarpa edulis (Ce) fruit dietary effects, single (0.5 %) or combined (Cb:Ce, 0.25:0.

Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Damage Associated with Seeding Surgery for Pearl Culture in the Winged Pearl Oyster .

To evaluate the antioxidant activity and oxidative damage by relaxing, wounding, and seeding of a saibo of different origin on hosts, five oyster treatments were included: (1) relaxed (REL) but neither wounded nor seeded; (2) relaxed and wounded (WOU) but not seeded; (3) relaxed, wounded, and seeded with an allograft (ALL); (4) relaxed, wounded, and seeded with an autograft (AUT); and (5) unrelaxed, unwounded, and unseeded as control (CTR). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) activity were quantified between 3 and 24 h post-seeding. Compared to the CTR oysters, which did not suffer oxidative stress, SOD activity significantly decreased in the gonad and digestive gland in all treatments and decreased in mantle tissue in AUT oysters; this indicates that the entire process of preparing oysters for pearl culture (relaxing, wounding, and seeding) generates oxidative stress in the host.

Microalgae-made human vaccines and therapeutics: A decade of advances.

Microalgal emergence is a promising platform with two-decade historical background for producing vaccines and biopharmaceuticals. During that period, microalgal-based vaccines have reported successful production for various diseases. Thus, species selection is important for genetic transformation and delivery methods that have been developed.

Biogenic AgO nanoparticles with "Hoja Santa" (Piper auritum) extract: characterization and biological capabilities.

The 'sacred leaf' or "Hoja Santa" (Piper auritum Kunth) has a great value for Mexican culture and has gained popularity worldwide for its excellent properties from culinary to remedies. To contribute to its heritage, in this project we proposed the green synthesis of silver oxide nanoparticles (AgO NPs) using an extract of "Hoja Santa" (Piper auritum) as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized AgO NPs were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy (plasmon located at 405 nm), X-ray diffraction (XRD) (particle size diameter of 10 nm), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (particle size diameter of 13.

In vivo and ex vivo studies support the immunostimulant and immunoprotective effect of Damiana (Turnera diffusa Willd) in Almaco Jack (Seriola rivoliana).

Damiana (Turnera diffusa Willd) was evaluated in vitro for antioxidant and antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes (as a preliminary screening assessment) by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)-Direct bioautography. A study was performed in vivo to evaluate the effects of Damiana enriched diets at 0.5 % on immune parameters in mucus and serum and gene expression in Almaco Jack (Seriola rivoliana) intestine after two and four weeks; an infection with Aeromonas hydrophila at 1x10 colony forming units (CFU) followed and an ex vivo study was carried out using head-kidney leukocytes.

Protective efficacy of the oral vaccine Tc24:Co1 produced in Schizochytrium sp. against Trypanosoma cruzi infection in a mouse model.

Trypanosoma cruzi parasite - causal Chagas disease agent - affects about 7 million people; no vaccine is available, and current medications have not been entirely effective. Multidisciplinary efforts are necessary for developing clinical vaccine prototypes. Thus, this research study aims to assess the expressed and whole-cell administration protection of the oral vaccine prototype Tc24:Co1 using Schizochytrium sp.

Probiotic Potential of Bacillus sp. 62A Isolated from a Marine Extreme Environment.

Antimicrobial resistance is an important health concern globally, and probiotics are considered an alternative to minimize it. The present study examined the in vitro probiotic characteristics and in vivo immunomodulatory potential of Bacillus sp. 62A - an extremophile bacterium.

Development, characterization, and immunomodulation performance of spray-dried Moringa oleifera seed extract in Longfin yellowtail Seriola rivoliana.

Moringa oleifera is one of the most promising plants in aquaculture because it improves the health status, zootechnical parameters and resistance against diseases. This research evaluates the physicochemical, antioxidant values of spray-dried Moringa oleifera seed extract microencapsulates obtained at 140 and 180 °C with whey protein concentrate (WPC) and maltodextrin (MD) as wall materials in two different proportions: WPC 100% and WPC-MD (3:1). Also, immune response of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) of Longfin yellowtail Seriola rivoliana stimulated with spray-dried Moringa oleifera seed for 24 h was assessed.