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Ticks are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites that affect animals, and some of them transmit a wide range of pathogens including viruses, bacteria, and protozoa to both animals and humans. Several vaccines have shown immunogenicity and protective efficacy against ticks in animal models and definitive hosts. After several decades on anti-tick vaccine research, only a commercial vaccine based on a recombinant antigen is currently available. In this context, plants offer three decades of research and development on recombinant vaccine production to immunize hosts and as a delivery vehicle platform. Despite the experimental advances in plant-made vaccines to control several parasitosis and infectious diseases, no vaccine prototype has been developed against ticks. This review examines a panorama of ticks of veterinary importance, recombinant vaccine experimental developments, plant-made vaccine platforms, and perspectives on using this technology as well as the opportunities and limitations in the field of tick vaccine research.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12101178 | DOI Listing |
Plant Biotechnol J
August 2025
Onderstepoort Biological Products (OBP) SOC (Ltd), Onderstepoort, South Africa.
Bluetongue (BT) is a non-contagious, insect-transmitted disease of wild and domestic ruminants caused by bluetongue virus (BTV). Effective control of BT disease relies on vaccination against prevalent or seasonal serotypes using live attenuated or inactivated vaccines. Limitations of these vaccines offer opportunities for improvement.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Virol Methods
December 2025
Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa.
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the primary etiological agents of cervical, anal and oropharyngeal cancers. While existing vaccines are effective in preventing infection, their impact in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) is limited by type coverage, high costs and uptake. To address this gap, there is a critical need for next-generation vaccines that are both regionally tailored and cost-effective, along with efficient and accessible tools for evaluating their efficacy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Pharm
April 2025
Immunology & Vaccinology Group and Laboratorio Nacional CONAHCYT (SECIHTI) de Generación de Vacunas Veterinarias y Servicios de Diagnóstico (LNC-GVD). Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S. 23096, M
Plant-made vaccines and trained immunity-based vaccines (TIbV or TRAIMbV) represent two strategies for enhancing immunity against diseases. Plants provide an effective and cost-efficient vaccine production platform, while TIbV induces innate immune memory that can protect against both homologous and heterologous diseases. Both strategies are generally compatible; however, they have not been explored in a transdisciplinary manner.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Biotechnol (Tokyo)
September 2024
Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8517, Japan.
Plant-made pharmaceuticals (PMP) have great potential in terms of production costs, scalability, safety, environmental protection, and consumer acceptability. The first PMP were antibodies and antigens produced in stably transformed transgenic plants in the around 90s. Even though the effort using stable transgenic plants is still going on, the mainstream of PMP production has shifted to transient expression in .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiotechnol Bioeng
March 2025
Immunology & Vaccinology Group. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR). Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., México.