Radiological Insights into UIP Pattern: A Comparison Between IPF and Non-IPF Patients.

: This study aims to distinguish radiological differences between primary idiopathic Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP) and secondary UIP patterns : This retrospective study included patients with HRCT findings consistent with a UIP pattern. Final diagnoses were established via multidisciplinary discussion and classified as primary UIP/IPF or secondary UIP, following the 2022 ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT guidelines. An expert thoracic radiologist (>10 years of experience), blinded to clinical data, reviewed the earliest available HRCT assessing key imaging features: honeycombing (micro-, macro- or exuberant), fibrosis distribution (symmetry, anterior-upper lobe sign, etc.

Impact of long-term high-flow nasal therapy on mucus plugs in patients with bronchiectasis.

https://bit.ly/3NV39zI.

ARIA-Italy multidisciplinary consensus on nasal polyposis and biological treatments: Update 2025.

In recent years, it was recognized that type-2 inflammation connects nasal polyposis and severe asthma (SA) in addition to other type-2 diseases. Thus, some biological drugs developed for SA appeared to exert a favourable effect also in nasal polyposis. So far, there are several trials supporting this concept; therefore, some monoclonal antibodies already used for SA were assessed also in chronic rhinosinusistis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP), with promising results.

Vascular protection by young circulating extracellular vesicles ameliorates aging-related pulmonary fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal, aging-related disease characterized by aberrant lung remodeling and progressive scarring, leading to organ failure and death. Current FDA-approved antifibrotic treatments are unable to reverse established disease, highlighting the need for innovative therapeutic approaches targeting novel pathways and cell types. Mounting evidence, including our own, has recently highlighted the pathogenic role of aging-related endothelial abnormalities, including vascular inflammation and oxidative stress, in the progression of lung fibrosis, offering new therapeutic opportunities to block IPF progression.

Immunosuppressive Therapy for Usual Interstitial Pneumonia in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases: A Review.

Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP) is the most severe radiological/histological pattern of Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD). It is typical of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), but is also frequently described in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases (ARDs), sharing with IPF common risk factors, genetic backgrounds, and in some cases, disease progression and prognosis. Following the results of the PANTHER study, immunosuppressive drugs are now not recommended for the treatment of IPF; however, their use for the treatment of UIP secondary to ARDs is still under debate.

The interstitial lung disease patient pathway: from referral to diagnosis.

Background: Suspected interstitial lung disease (ILD) patients may be referred to an ILD-specialist centre or a non-ILD-specialist centre for diagnosis and treatment. Early referral and management of patients at ILD-specialist centres has been shown to improve survival and reduce hospitalisations. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the ILD patient diagnostic pathway and prompted centres to adapt.

Recognition of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies Underlying Interstitial Lung Diseases.

Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) is one of the most common causes of mortality in idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies (IIM). Despite these conditions being commonly associated with proximal weakness, skin rashes and arthritis, ILD can be the first or the sole clinical feature in up to 60% of patients, potentially leading to incorrect diagnosis. The early recognition of an underlying IIM in ILD patients can allow for prompt treatment, which could potentially stabilize or even improve the lung disease, also avoiding the development of other clinical features associated with the condition.

European ILD registry algorithm for self-assessment in interstitial lung diseases (eurILDreg ASA-ILD).

Background And Aims: Predicting progression and prognosis in Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILD), especially Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) and Progressive Pulmonary Fibrosis (PPF), remains a challenge. Integrating patient-centered measurements is essential for earlier and safer detection of disease progression. Home monitoring through e-health technologies, such as spirometry and oximetry connected to smartphone applications, holds promise for early detection of ILD progression or acute exacerbations, enabling timely therapeutic interventions.

Adaptive servo-ventilation for the treatment of intrathecal baclofen-induced central sleep apnea: A case report.

Baclofen is a common muscle relaxant agent used in a number of neurological disorders acting at central level and potentially causing adverse respiratory events, still largely unknown at therapeutic doses. We present the case of a young woman with spastic tetraparesis secondary to perinatal asphyxia treated with a standard dose of intrathecal baclofen who developed nocturnal symptoms, somnolence and memory loss during the day. Nocturnal cardio-respiratory sleep monitoring showed a high number of central sleep apneas (CSA).

Pulmonary Progressive Fibrosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Primary Sjogren Syndrome: Similarities and Differences.

Progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) has been associated with a worse prognosis, even when interstitial lung disease (ILD) is related to rheumatic diseases. Since many differences are detectable among rheumatic diseases in prevalence and features of ILD, we aimed to investigate features of PPF in different rheumatic diseases, namely rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS). In an Italian multicentre cross-sectional study, consecutive pSS or RA patients with a diagnosis of ILD from at least two years were enrolled.

Long-Term High-Flow Nasal Therapy in Patients with Bronchiectasis of Different Severity: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

: High-flow nasal therapy (HFNT) has been shown to reduce exacerbations of COPD and some evidence displays benefits in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) patients. The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of 12 months of home HFNT on the annual exacerbation rate between mild/moderate and severe NCFB patients, classified by the bronchiectasis severity index (BSI). Secondary outcomes were the evaluation of the dyspnea, pulmonary function, and sputum cultures in both groups.

Clinical characteristics, use and switch of drugs for obstructive airway diseases among patients with COPD experiencing an exacerbation: a retrospective analysis of Italian administrative healthcare data.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents an important health challenge, despite being preventable and manageable thanks to up-to-date recommendations. In Italy, the pharmaceutical care of COPD patients is still ill-timed and inaccurate. This study aimed to describe the treatment of COPD patients in Italy and possible switches following an exacerbation.

Eosinophilic Bronchiectasis: Prevalence, Severity, and Associated Features-A Cohort Study.

Bronchiectasis (BE) has been traditionally associated with neutrophilic inflammation, but eosinophilic bronchiectasis (EB) has recently emerged. Data about prevalence, clinical features, and disease severity are lacking. This study aimed to assess the EB prevalence, compare EB with non-EB, evaluate the Type-2 (T2) high endotype in BE (T2-high EB) versus non-T2-high EB, and identify EB predictors.

Highlights on Future Treatments of IPF: Clues and Pitfalls.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease characterized by irreversible scarring of lung tissue, leading to death. Despite recent advancements in understanding its pathophysiology, IPF remains elusive, and therapeutic options are limited and non-curative. This review aims to synthesize the latest research developments, focusing on the molecular mechanisms driving the disease and on the related emerging treatments.

Prevalence of Progressive Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Disease in Patients with Primary Sjogren Syndrome.

Background: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) represents a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in primary Sjogren syndrome (pSS). However, the prevalence and behavior of pSS-ILD remains incomplete, largely based on retrospective heterogeneous studies.

Aim Of The Study: To investigate the prevalence of progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) in a multicentric cohort of patients with pSS-ILD.

Effects of high-flow nasal therapy on swallowing function: a scoping review.

Background: High-flow nasal therapy is widely used in patients with respiratory failure in different clinical settings, but the effect of high-flow nasal therapy on respiratory-swallow coordination is unknown. Understanding this relationship is crucial, considering the necessity for patients to maintain adequate nutrition during daytime high-flow nasal therapy. This scoping review aims to synthesise available data on the effects of high-flow nasal therapy flow rates on swallowing function and the possible risk of aspiration during treatment, focusing on knowledge and evidence gaps.

Asthma remission one, none and one-hundred thousand: the relevance of the patient's view.

Objective: Achieving remission in severe asthma holds paramount importance in elevating patient quality of life and reducing both individual and societal burdens associated with this chronic condition. This study centers on identifying pivotal patient-relevant endpoints through standardized, reproducible methods, while also developing a patient-centric definition of remission, essential for effective disease management.

Methods: A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was conducted to assess patients' perceptions on the four primary criteria for defining severe asthma remission, as outlined by the SANI survey.

Pharmacological treatment in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: current issues and future perspectives.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) represents a fibrotic interstitial lung disease characterized by uncertain etiology and poor prognosis. Over the years, the path to effective treatments has been marked by a series of advances and setbacks. The introduction of approved antifibrotic drugs, pirfenidone and nintedanib, marked a pivotal moment in the management of IPF.

Melatonin Enhances Neural Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) are adult multipotent stem cells, able to differentiate toward neural elements other than cells of mesodermal lineage. The aim of this research was to test ASC neural differentiation using melatonin combined with conditioned media (CM) from glial cells. Isolated from the lipoaspirate of healthy donors, ASCs were expanded in a basal growth medium before undergoing neural differentiation procedures.

Distance follow-up by a remote medical care centre improves adherence to CPAP in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea over the short and long term.

BackgroundAdherence to continuous positive air pressure (CPAP) in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) has remained invariably low over the last decades. Remote monitoring of the nocturnal CPAP treatment, within telemedicine (TM)-based follow-up programs, in these patients has been suggested as a potential tool to improve adherence and release the workload of sleep units. The aim of this study was therefore to assess whether a follow-up program carried out by a Remote Medical Care Centre (RMCC), outside the sleep unit, improves adherence to CPAP in the short and long term in patients with OSA.

Diagnostic delay in bronchiectasis: an Italian perspective.

https://bit.ly/46XMWAz.