Drug-Induced Liver Injury Caused by "Khat," an Herbal Stimulant.

We describe a case of (Khat) drug-induced liver injury in a 28-year-old man from Yemen. The patient presented with jaundice, fatigue, and anorexia. Extensive workup, including liver biopsy, was performed.

Similar Sustained Virologic Response in Real-World and Clinical Trial Studies of Hepatitis C/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coinfection.

Background: Clinical trials evaluating efficacy of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapies demonstrate sustained virologic response (SVR) rates greater than 90% in patients infected with hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, generalizability of this data to real-world coinfected populations is unknown.

Aim: We aim to compare efficacy data from clinical trials to effectiveness data of real-world observational studies that evaluate oral interferon-free HCV treatment regimens in patients infected with HIV and HCV.

Clinical Food Addiction Is Not Associated with Development of Metabolic Complications in Liver Transplant Recipients.

Given the increased risk of post-transplant metabolic syndrome (PTMS; defined by hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia), we aimed to identify the potential role of food addiction in the development of metabolic complications in the post-liver transplant population. Inclusion criteria included adult liver transplant recipients followed at our institution between June 2016 and November 2016. Participants were administered a demographic survey as well as the Yale Food Assessment Scale 2.

Hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection in the era of direct-acting antiviral agents: No longer a difficult-to-treat population.

Unlabelled: The treatment of chronic hepatitis C (HCV) in human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV)-infected individuals has been historically marked by low sustained virologic response (SVR) rates in comparison to those without HIV infection, resulting in the Food and Drug Administration labeling those coinfected as a "special population with an unmet medical need." We systematically reviewed the treatment of chronic HCV infection in those infected with HIV. We propose that with the advent of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents, patients coinfected with HCV and HIV have similar SVR rates as HCV-monoinfected persons and that DAAs address an unmet medical need in this population.

Rat animal model for preclinical testing of microparticle urethral bulking agents.

Objectives: To develop an economic, practical and readily available animal model for preclinical testing of urethral bulking therapies, as well as to establish feasible experimental methods that allow for complete analysis of hard microparticle bulking agents.

Methods: Alumina ceramic beads suspended in hyaluronic acid were injected into the proximal urethra of 15 female rats under an operating microscope. We assessed overall lower urinary tract function, bulking material intraurethral integrity and local host tissue response over time.

Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: what we have learned.

Bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ) is an entity that has become prevalent upon the dental and medical community for more than 10 years. This entity is unfortunate because both oral and intravenous nitrogen containing bisphosphonates have beneficial effects for patients for certain conditions. The exact pathology of BRONJ has yet to be determined, although many hypotheses have been put forth.

The role of Bacillus anthracis RecD2 helicase in DNA mismatch repair.

DNA mismatch repair (MMR) systems can be classified as either MutH-dependent or MutH-independent. In bacteria, extensive studies have been conducted with the MutH-dependent MMR in Escherichia coli and its close relatives. The picture of MutH-independent MMR in other bacteria is less clear, as MMR components other than MutS and MutL have not been identified in the majority of bacteria.

Papillation in Bacillus anthracis colonies: a tool for finding new mutators.

Colonies of Bacillus anthracis Sterne allow the growth of papillation after 6 days of incubation at 30°C on Luria-Bertani medium. The papillae are due to mutations that allow the cells to overcome the barriers to continued growth. Cells isolated from papillae display two distinct gross phenotypes (group A and group B).