Associations between dietary inflammatory index (DII) scores and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, yet its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Genetic, family history, nutritional, lifestyle, and inflammatory factors are considered as contributing factors of ADHD. The dietary inflammatory index (DII) could be used to determine whether a diet has an inflammatory potential.

Effect of Plant-Based Proteins on Recovery from Resistance Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Healthy Young Adults-A Systematic Review.

Background: Plant-based protein supplementation in supporting muscle recovery following resistance exercise remains an area of growing interest, particularly among vegan athletes, as a potential alternative to animal-based proteins. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of plant-based proteins on recovery from resistance exercise-induced muscle damage in healthy young adults.

Methods: A systematic and comprehensive search was administered in eight databases up to 1 May 2025, identifying 1407 articles.

Chronotype-specific associations of meal timing patterns with cardiometabolic health in women: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Although prior studies have examined meal timing and health, few have considered the impact of individual chronotypes and diurnal preference. This study explored how meal distribution and chronotype-morning (M-type) versus evening (E-type)- are associated with cardiometabolic health.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 574 women in Tehran, Iran.

Twenty-Four-Hour Compositional Data Analysis in Healthcare: Clinical Potential and Future Directions.

Compositional Data Analysis (CoDA) is a powerful statistical approach for analyzing 24 h time-use data, effectively addressing the interdependence of sleep, sedentary behavior, and physical activity. Unlike traditional methods that struggle with perfect multicollinearity, CoDA handles time use as proportions of a whole, providing biologically meaningful insights into how daily activity patterns relate to health. Applications in epidemiology have linked variations in time allocation between behaviors to key health outcomes, including adiposity, cardiometabolic health, cognitive function, fitness, quality of life, glycomics, clinical psychometrics, and mental well-being.

Effects of Garlic Supplementation on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adults: A Comprehensive Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Context: Garlic is a well-known ingredient in cooking and has a long history in traditional Asian medicine. Recently, there has been increased interest in its possible protective benefits against cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). While many studies have examined garlic's impact on CVD risk factors, the results have varied.

Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of COVID-19: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Considering the associations of insulin resistance and glycemic control with immunity, the present study sought to evaluate the association between dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL), as the main dietary determinants of these conditions, with the risk of COVID-19 infection in the participants of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences employees' health cohort.

Methods: In this prospective study, data from 3319 cohort study participants were analyzed. Demographic, anthropometric and dietary intake data were collected at the time of recruitment.

Associations of dietary insulin load and dietary insulin index with diabetic nephropathy and reduced kidney function among women: a case-control study.

Background: Increased insulin levels lead to hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance (IR). IR is one of the main causes of the onset and progression of Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) and kidney failure in type 2 diabetic patients. The present case-control study sought to investigate the relationship between dietary insulin load (DIL) and index (DII) and the odds of DN and kidney function decline.

Correction: Variations of training load, monotony, and strain and dose-response relationships with maximal aerobic speed, maximal oxygen uptake, and isokinetic strength in professional soccer players.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Competitive Match Running Speed Demands and Impact of Changing the Head Coach in Non-League Professional Football.

Match running speed demands vary across competitive levels of football, influenced by player position, tactical considerations, and Head Coach changes. In England, the level directly below professional football, Non-League Football (NLF), comprises full-time and part-time clubs. However, the running speed demands of professional teams at this level remain unknown.

The Effects of Time-Restricted Feeding on Handgrip Strength, Vigilance, and Perceived Anxiety and Depression in Older Adults: A Comparative Study Between Active and Sedentary Populations.

Background And Aims: Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF), a form of time-restricted feeding, influences various physiological and psychological functions. However, its effects on older adults remain insufficiently understood. This study examined the impact of RIF on physical and mental health parameters, comparing active and sedentary older individuals.

Dietary quality index international and the odds of irritable bowel syndrome: a case-control study.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gut-brain interaction disorder. The aetiology of IBS is not entirely elucidated; however, among the risk factors, dietary factors are regarded as crucial. Previous studies have primarily investigated the association of single nutrients and food groups with the odds of IBS, rather than diet quality, which considers the interaction of food groups in the odds of disease.

Interaction between 3-SNP genetic risk score and dietary fats intake on inflammatory markers among overweight and obese women.

Objectives: This study, for the first time, sought to investigate whether the interaction between the GRS consists of three SNPs (CAV-1, CRY-1, MC4R) and fat intake is associated with inflammatory markers among Iranian overweight and obese women.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 246 overweight and obese women, aged 18-48 years. Three SNPs, including CAV-1 rs3807992, CRY-1 rs2287161, and MC4R rs17782313, were genotyped using PCR-RFLP to calculate the genetic risk score (GRS) for each participant.

The association between dietary acid load and odds of prostate cancer: a case-control study.

Background And Objective: Conflicting results exist regarding the associations between dietary acid load (DAL) and cancer risk. This study aimed to investigate the association between DAL and the odds of prostate cancer (PC) in the Iranian population.

Methods: One hundred and twenty participants (60 controls and 60 newly diagnosed PC patients) engaged in a hospital-based case-control study conducted from April to September 2015.

Evaluation of nutritional, anthropometric, and psychological outcomes in different metabolic and bariatric surgery techniques: a follow up study.

Background: Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is a suitable solution for the treatment of morbid obesity. Investigating an MBS method that has the best outcomes has always been the main concern of physicians. The current study aimed to compare nutritional, anthropometric, and psychological complications of individuals undergoing various MBS Techniques.

Effects of a 40-min nap on performance following evening exercise before, during, and after Ramadan fasting.

This study examined the effect of a 40-min nap (N40) the day after a night session of the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST), before, during and after Ramadan. In a randomized crossover design, fifteen male soccer players completed the LIST in the evening (2100h), followed by either a N40 or no nap (N0) the next day, at 1400h. Performance on the 5-m shuttle run test (5mSRT), digit cancellation test (DCT), and subjective measures (i.

Association of dietary insulin index (DII) and dietary insulin load (DIL) with circadian rhythm and quality of sleep among overweight and obese women: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Obesity is a global issue, with over 1.9 billion adults overweight. Disruption of circadian rhythms (CR) leads to obesity and metabolic disorders.

The Effects of Combined Versus Single-Mode Resistance and Repeated Sprint Training on Physical Fitness, Hematological Parameters, and Plasma Volume Variations in Highly Trained Soccer Players.

We examined the effects of eight weeks of single-mode resistance, repeated sprint training, and the combination of the two programs on selected measures of physical fitness (muscle power, speed, and body composition), hematological parameters, and plasma volume variations in highly trained soccer players. Sixty male soccer players from the Tunisian national Ligue were randomly allocated to a resistance training group (RTG), a repeated sprint training group (RSTG), a combined resistance and repeated sprint training group (CTG), or an active control group (CG, soccer training only). The training volumes were similar between groups.

The association between low carbohydrate dietary score (LCDS) and cardiovascular risk factors: results from the Shiraz Heart Study (SHS).

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death and recent studies have highlighted the potential role of dietary carbohydrate indices in cardiovascular health. Given the controversial results in this field, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between low carbohydrate dietary score (LCDS) and CVD risk factors in a population of Iranian adults.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted within the framework of the Shiraz Heart Study (SHS) including 1982 adults.

Are we assessing motor competence? Evidence-informed constructs for motor competence in preschoolers through an Exploratory Graph Analysis.

Motor competence (MC) is conceptually defined as a multidimensional latent construct that covers the proficient performance in motor skills and its underlying mechanisms This study aimed to statistically provide arguments that MC is a network of interconnected constructs, such as FMS, coordination, and its underlying mechanisms, which are responsible for preschoolers' proficiency in motor tasks. Participated 102 preschoolers (65 girls, age = 4.22 ± 0.

Effects of In-Season Strength Training on Physical Fitness and Injury Prevention in North African Elite Young Female Soccer Players.

Background: Strength training (ST) primarily enhances physical fitness (e.g., muscle strength, power, speed) and bone density in female soccer players.

Adherence of Plant-Based Dietary Index in Odds of Diabetic Nephropathy in Women: A Case-Control Study.

Background & Aims: Recent research has suggested that adherence to plant-based dietary index (PDI) may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes and related complications like diabetic nephropathy (DN). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the possible association of PDI with the odds of DN.

Methods: We enrolled 105 eligible women with DN and 105 controls without DN (30-65 years).