The association between dietary inflammatory index, muscle strength, muscle endurance, and body composition in Iranian adults.

Purpose: Dietary factors may modulate inflammation status which contributed to the various chronic diseases like sarcopenia. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association of dietary inflammatory index (DII) and muscle strength (MS), muscle endurance (ME), and body composition.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 270 adults living in Tehran, Iran.

Associations Between Variations in Accumulated Workload and Physiological Variables in Young Male Soccer Players Over the Course of a Season.

This study sought to analyze the relationship between in-season training workload with changes in aerobic power (VO ), maximum and resting heart rate (HR and HR ), linear sprint medium (LSM), and short test (LSS), in soccer players younger than 16 years (under-16 soccer players). We additionally aimed to explain changes in fitness levels during the in-season through regression models, considering accumulated load, baseline levels, and peak height velocity (PHV) as predictors. Twenty-three male sub-elite soccer players aged 15.

Exploring Relationships Between Anthropometry, Body Composition, Maturation, and Selection for Competition: A Study in Youth Soccer Players.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze variations of selection for competition between late and early mature players and test the relationships between anthropometry, body composition, maturation, and selection for competition.

Methods: Seventy-nine youth soccer players from under-11 to under-14 participated in this study, over 6 months. Body composition and maturity offset were estimated based on anthropometric data collected.

Association of Vitamin D Status with SARS-CoV-2 Infection or COVID-19 Severity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

This systematic review was conducted to summarize and clarify the evidence on the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin-D [25(OH)D] concentrations and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) risk and outcomes. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases and Google Scholar were searched up to 26 November 2020. All retrospective and prospective cohort, cross-sectional, case-control, and randomized controlled trial studies that investigated the relation between 25(OH)D and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and COVID-19 severity were included.

Effects of lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet standard-weight-loss diet on obese and overweight adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomised clinical trial.

The aim of the study was to compare the effects of a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet (LOV-D) a standard weight-loss diet (SWL-D) on obese/overweight adults with NAFLD. Present randomised clinical trial recruited 75 overweight/obese adults with NAFLD, who were randomly assigned into LOV-D and SWL-D groups for 3 months. The LOV-D was designed based on eliminating meat, poultry, and fish; while including dairy products and eggs.

Soy intake is associated with lowering blood pressure in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials.

Background: Soy has several beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, results of clinical trial studies are equivocal. Thus, the present study sought to discern the efficacy of soy intake on blood pressure.

Methods: The search process was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, to ascertain studies investigating the efficacy of soy intake on blood pressure in adults, published up to June 2020.

The association between plant-based diet indices and metabolic syndrome in Iranian older adults.

Background: We investigated the association between plant-based diets indices - an overall plant-based diet index; a healthful plant-based diet index; and an unhealthful plant-based diet index - and metabolic syndrome among Iranian older adults.

Aim: We aimed to examine the relationship between plant-based diet indices and metabolic syndrome.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 178 older adults (51 men and 127 women), with a mean age of 67.

Bariatric surgery reduces branched-chain amino acids' levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Bariatric surgery is a metabolic surgery known to be an efficient treatment for weight loss, with adequate long-term maintenance. Interestingly, some studies have reported a reduction in branched chained amino acids (BCAAs) after bariatric surgery, which putatively contributes to post-surgical metabolic improvement. The current systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effect of bariatric surgery on the level of BCAAs.

24-hour movement behaviors and fitness in preschoolers: A compositional and isotemporal reallocation analysis.

This study analyzed the associations between the 24-hour movement behaviors composition and fitness in preschoolers and investigated predicted changes in fitness when time in active behaviors is reallocated. This cross-sectional study was carried out with 270 preschoolers (132 boys; 3.97 ± 0.

Technology-based methods for the assessment of fine and gross motor skill in children: A systematic overview of available solutions and future steps for effective in-field use.

The present review aims at providing researchers and practitioners with a holistic overview of technology-based methods for the assessment of fine and gross motor skill in children. We conducted a search of electronic databases using Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar, including studies published up to March 2020, that assessed fine and/or gross motor skills, and utilized technological assessment of varying study design. A total of 739 papers were initially retrieved, and after title/abstract screening, removal of duplicates, and full-text screening, 47 were included.

The effects of resveratrol supplementation on PPARα, p16, p53, p21 gene expressions, and sCD163/sTWEAK ratio in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A double-blind controlled randomized trial.

The present study sought to evaluate the effect of resveratrol supplementation on mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), p53, p21, p16, and serum levels of cluster of differentiation 163 (CD163) to TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) ratio in patients with type 2 diabetes. In this double-blind randomized controlled trial, 71 patients were randomly assigned to receive either 1,000 mg of trans-resveratrol or placebo (methyl cellulose) for 8 weeks. Expression levels of genes of interest, and serum levels of sCD163 and sTWEAK were assessed at baseline and at the end of the study.

Association between physical education classes and physical activity among 187,386 adolescents aged 13-17 years from 50 low- and middle-income countries.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between physical education classes and PA among adolescents from 50 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Methods: A self-reported questionnaire from the Global School-based Student Survey (GSHS) was used to collect information on participation frequency of physical education classes and being physically active over the last week, as well as other control variables (e.g.

The Mechanism of Physical Activity-induced Amelioration of Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review.

Physical activity, together with its ameliorative effects on Parkinson's disease (PD) symptoms, remains a relatively unappreciated factor which may be beneficial for the treatment outcome. Contemporary evidence supports the positive effects of non-pharmacological approaches to PD symptom management, in particular the effects of the exercise on both, motor and non-motor symptoms. The aim of the study was to review the mechanisms of exercise-induced amelioration of PD symptoms.

The effect of propolis on anthropometric indices and lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background & Objectives: The current evidence base regarding the impact of propolis consumption on lipid profile in humans is equivocal. Thus, we sought to investigate the impact of propolis consumption on anthropometric indices and lipid profile in this meta-analysis.

Methods: Cochrane Library, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science electronic databases were searched up to December 2019.

The association between major dietary patterns at dinner and obesity in adults living in Tehran: A population-based study.

Findings of studies on the association between evening meal and obesity are inconclusive. Thus, we sought to investigate the association between major dietary patterns at evening meal and obesity among apparently healthy adults in Tehran. This cross-sectional research was conducted using 833 adult men and women who lived in Tehran (age range: 20-59 years).

The effects of L-carnitine supplementation on lipid concentrations inpatients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

This meta-analysis was performed to assess the effect of L-carnitine supplementation on lipid profile. A systematic search were conducted in PubMed and Scopus to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) which evaluated the effects of L-carnitine on lipid profile. Pooled effect sizes were measured using random-effect model (Dersimonian-Laird).

Dietary patterns and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background: Nutrition is a modifiable risk factor that plays an important role in the prevention or delaying of the onset of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Previous studies have focused on NAFLD and individual nutrients, which does not take into account combinations of food that are consumed. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between major dietary patterns and NAFLD.

The effect of meal frequency on biochemical cardiometabolic factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Although several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have supported the beneficial effects of higher meal frequency (MF) on cardiometabolic risk factors, the putative effects of higher MF on health remain inconclusive. This study systematically reviewed the evidence from RCTs of the effect of higher compared with lower MF on the blood lipid profile, glucose homeostasis, and adipokines.

Methods: PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and the Cochrane database were searched up to October 2020 to retrieve relevant RCTs.

Effects of the dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) diet on blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid profile in adolescents with hemophilia: A randomized clinical trial.

Children with hemophilia are an enhanced risk of modifiable cardiovascular and metabolic abnormalities. There is currently no nutritional guideline to prevent or manage cardiometabolic risk factors in these patients. Therefore, the present study sought to investigate the effect of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors among children with hemophilia.

Brain function during central fatigue induced by intermittent high-intensity cycling.

Background: The central governor model putatively explains the mechanism of endurance exercise-induced central fatigue, however high-intensity exercise-induced central fatigue strategies have not been investigated yet. This study aimed to examine how central fatigue affects neural response alterations, as measured by electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings, in intermittent high-intensity cycling.

Methods: Neural responses were assessed by measuring the alteration of brainwaves based on spectral energy band estimates during an intermittent, high-intensity, 60-min exercise bout on a cycle ergometer.

The association between serum homocysteine and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Background: Hyperhomocysteinaemia is known to interfere with neurological functions; however, there is a controversy regarding the relationship between homocysteine and depression.

Materials And Methods: Science Direct, MEDLINE and ISI Web of Science were searched to find relevant articles, published up to August 2020. Studies were included if they compared homocysteine levels in healthy subjects with subjects with depression.

The combination of three movement behaviours is associated with object control skills, but not locomotor skills, in preschoolers.

The objective of this study is to analyze the association between combinations of adherence to movement behaviour recommendations and fundamental movement skills (FMS) in preschoolers. This is a cross-sectional study. Participants of the study were 212 preschool children (M = 3.

Impact of Body Mass Index on the Development of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Analysis of 15.6 Million Participants.

Background: A growing trove of literature describes the effect of malnutrition and underweight on the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, evidence regarding the association between underweight or obesity and IBD is limited. The study aimed to assess the association of body mass index (BMI) with a risk of IBD (Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (U.

A Narrative Review of Motor Competence in Children and Adolescents: What We Know and What We Need to Find Out.

Lack of physical activity is a global public health problem causing not only morbidity and premature mortality, but it is also a major economic burden worldwide. One of the cornerstones of a physically active lifestyle is Motor Competence (MC). MC is a complex biocultural attribute and therefore, its study requires a multi-sectoral, multi-, inter- and transdisciplinary approach.

Bempedoic Acid and Ezetimibe for the Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Phase II/III trials.

Unlabelled: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: A limited number of trials have evaluated the efficacy of a fixed-dose combination of bempedoic acid and ezetimibe for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. The aim of this meta-analysis of existing studies was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fixed-dose bempedoic acid and ezetimibe combination therapy for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing bempedoic acid and ezetimibe, versus placebo or ezetimibe alone, to 30 August 2020.