Buccal Buprenorphine for Postoperative Analgesia After Major Orthopedic Surgery: Results of a Retrospective Cohort.

Background: Opioids remain in common use for postoperative pain management after orthopedic surgery. Buprenorphine (BUP) is a partial agonist opioid best known as a lifesaving medication for opioid use disorder. Although extensively studied for acute pain management with at least the efficacy as full agonist opioids (FAO) and a superior safety profile, it is rarely used for this purpose in contemporary practice.

Antidepressant efficacy of ketamine plus naltrexone for major depression comorbid with alcohol use disorder: a randomized controlled trial.

Importance: The comorbidity of major depressive disorder (MDD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) is often treated inadequately. This study evaluated the impact of adding the opioid receptor blocker, naltrexone, to the NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist, ketamine, for the treatment of MDD comorbid with AUD. In so doing, it also attempted to shed light on the contribution of opioid receptor stimulation to the antidepressant effects of ketamine in this population.

The Role of Childhood Trauma in Chronic Pain and Substance Use Among Individuals Receiving Methadone Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder.

Objectives: This study explored the correlations between childhood trauma, chronic pain, and substance use among individuals receiving methadone for opioid use disorder (OUD). We hypothesized that, among individuals with OUD, a history of childhood trauma would correlate with more severe pain and substance use compared with those without such history.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 82 individuals receiving methadone for OUD.

Interactions of alcohol and the benzodiazepine inverse agonist in healthy male volunteers.

Background: There is growing interest in developing pharmacological agents to reverse alcohol (ethanol) intoxication, akin to naloxone for opioids. GABAergic modulation offers a potential pathway for reversing alcohol effects, specifically by targeting extrasynaptic GABA-A receptors with a benzodiazepine partial inverse agonist. We tested the hypothesis that iomazenil, a benzodiazepine partial inverse agonist, can counteract alcohol intoxication.

Using the excitation/inhibition ratio to optimize the classification of autism and schizophrenia.

The excitation/inhibition (E/I) ratio has been shown to be imbalanced in individuals diagnosed with autism (AT) or schizophrenia (SZ), relative to neurotypically developed controls (TD). However, the degree of E/I imbalance overlap between SZ and AT has not been extensively compared. In this project, we used resting state fMRI data to estimate the E/I ratio via the Hurst (H) exponent.

Alcohol use during pregnancy: the impact of social determinants of health on alcohol consumption among pregnant women.

Background: There is no safe amount or time of alcohol consumption during pregnancy; however, many women drink while pregnant placing themselves and their fetuses at risk for alcohol-related health complications. Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) impact alcohol use during pregnancy. Understanding the impact of SDoH across pregnancy will elucidate important information to reduce rates of prenatal alcohol exposure.

Pain interference, alcohol use, and metabolic health: Insights from a nationally representative study.

Background: Chronic pain, heavy alcohol use, and metabolic dysfunction frequently cooccur, yet their interrelationships remain inadequately characterized, contributing to fragmented therapeutic approaches. This study quantifies independent and interactive associations between these conditions and pain interference in a nationally representative sample.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 30,442 adults (51.

Cognitive bias modification for individuals with opioid use disorder and chronic pain did not predict changes in clinical outcomes.

Objective: Attentional bias (AB), defined as the preferential focus on personally salient-compared to neutral-cues, has a hypothesized link to substance use disorders and chronic pain. While growing research demonstrates Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) can alter ABs, evidence assessing the extent to which such alterations predict changes in clinical symptoms or behaviors (e.g.

Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 Availability in Individuals with a History of Childhood Trauma: A Positron Emission Tomography Study.

Early life adversity has a lasting impact on the endocannabinoid (eCB) system based on animal models. However, the impact of early life adversity such as childhood trauma (CT) on the eCB system has not been thoroughly studied. We assessed the availability of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) in individuals with CT compared to healthy controls without CT (HCs).

Wearable Intervention for Alcohol Use Risk and Sleep in Young Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Young adults in the US have the highest prevalence of alcohol use disorder; technology-based interventions may help to reduce drinking.

Objective: To test the efficacy of a multimodal digital intervention of wearable feedback and coaching for improving at-risk drinking and sleep health in young adults.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This parallel phase 2 randomized clinical trial was conducted from December 17, 2018, to May 19, 2021, at a research clinic in Connecticut.

Greater Neuroimmune System Deficit in Women Than Men With Alcohol Use Disorder.

Background: Women who drink are more vulnerable than men to many of the consequences of alcohol use, including alcohol-related cancers, cardiovascular disease, liver cirrhosis, and immune system dysfunction. Acute alcohol triggers neuroimmune cells including microglia-the brain's resident immune cells. Excessive activation can contribute to neuronal dysfunction and alcohol-induced neurodegeneration.

Brain-wide connectivity changes due to social-emotional regulation during a naturalistic fMRI task.

Social-emotional (SE) regulation is necessary for successful social interactions. Such emotion regulation (ER), however, has been examined in only a few studies using naturalistic SE tasks during functional neuroimaging. We examined ER in typically developed young adults (n = 62) watching and listening to a video of a person telling an emotional (positive, negative) or neutral story during functional MRI.

Preferences for Lisdexamfetamine vs Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Binge-Eating Disorder: Correlates and Outcomes.

Efficacious treatments for binge-eating disorder (BED) have been identified, but research is lacking regarding patients' treatment preferences and their effects on outcomes. We investigated the frequency and correlates of patients' preferences for 2 distinct BED treatments-cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and lisdexamfetamine (LDX)-and whether preferences predicted and/or moderated outcomes. In a randomized controlled trial (performed March 2019 to September 2023) testing CBT and LDX for - defined BED, 102 participants indicated their preference after treatments were described and prior to beginning treatment.

A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, pilot study of cannabis-related driving impairment assessed by driving simulator and self-report.

Aims: In the context of increasing cannabis use, understanding how cannabis affects specific driving behaviors is crucial in mitigating risks and ensuring road safety.

Design And Setting: The current study included 38 adults aged 18-40 years, administered a single 0.5 g acute dose of vaporized cannabis (5.

Exploring Dietary Restraint as a Mediator of Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments on Outcomes for Patients With Binge-Eating Disorder With Obesity.

Objective: To explore dietary-restraint as a mediator of binge eating and weight-loss outcomes within a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and behavioral weight loss (BWL) for binge-eating disorder (BED) with obesity.

Methods: Ninety participants were randomly assigned to CBT or BWL and assessed by evaluators blinded to conditions at pretreatment, throughout-, and post-treatment (6 months). Three dietary-restraint measures (Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire [EDE-Q]-Restraint, Three-Factor Flexible-Restraint and Rigid-Restraint) were administered at pretreatment and after 2 months of treatment.

The combination of donepezil and cognitive training for improving treatment outcomes for alcohol use disorder: Design of a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The development of alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a major concern in public health, and cognitive impairments caused by alcohol are involved in this process. Emerging neurobiological evidence suggests that donepezil, an anticholinesterase agent, may improve AUD treatment outcomes by enhancing neurocognitive functioning. Previous research has also suggested that cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) could potentially improve cognitive function and AUD treatment outcomes.

Disentangling negative and positive symptoms in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SZ) share traits, especially in social skills and negative symptoms, and to a lesser degree positive symptoms. Differential diagnosis can be challenging and discerning expressive and experiential negative symptoms may provide knowledge with potential diagnostic and functional relevance that can guide treatment. Two exploratory factor analyses (EFA) were conducted to reveal the underlying dimensions of negative and positive symptoms using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms & Negative Symptoms (SAPS/SANS) and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic (ADOS-G).

Blood pressure changes during ketamine infusion for the treatment of depression.

Objective: This study aimed to examine blood pressure changes during ketamine infusion for depression and exploring the factors associated with these changes.

Method: This study is a retrospective chart-review of patients with depression undergoing ketamine infusion at Yale Psychiatry Hospital during a 7-year period. Blood pressure (BP) was recorded every 10 min during the infusion.

A preliminary investigation of the acute effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on pain and opioid attentional bias among persons with opioid use disorder.

Introduction: Attentional bias (AB) is believed to be an important factor in the development and maintenance of both opioid use disorder (OUD) and chronic pain. Cannabis and its main psychoactive constituent, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), produce analgesic effects via processes that are potentially relevant to AB and is commonly used by persons with OUD. This exploratory study investigated if THC influences AB towards pain and opioid cues individuals with OUD.

Sex differences in the acute effects of oral THC: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover human laboratory study.

Rationale: Recent reports have shown increased cannabis use among women, leading to growing concerns about cannabis use disorder (CUD). While there is preclinical evidence suggesting biological sex influences cannabinoid effects, human research remains scant. We investigated sex differences in the acute response to oral tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in humans.

Smartband-based smoking detection and real-time brief mindfulness intervention: findings from a feasibility clinical trial.

Background: Smartbands can be used to detect cigarette smoking and deliver real time smoking interventions. Brief mindfulness interventions have been found to reduce smoking.

Objective: This single arm feasibility trial used a smartband to detect smoking and deliver brief mindfulness exercises.