The Arabidopsis PIP1;1 Aquaporin Represses Lateral Root Development and Nitrate Uptake Under Low Nitrate Availability.

Nitrate (NO ) deficiency decreases root water uptake and root hydraulic conductance. This adaptive response is correlated with reduced abundance and activity of plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) aquaporins. We therefore screened changes in the root architecture of a complete set of Arabidopsis pip loss-of-function mutants grown under NO deficiency to systematically approach the impact of PIPs under these conditions.

SA and NHP glucosyltransferase UGT76B1 affects plant defense in both SID2- and NPR1-dependent and independent manner.

The small-molecule glucosyltransferase loss-of-function mutant ugt76b1 exhibits both SID2- or NPR1-dependent and independent facets of enhanced plant immunity, whereupon FMO1 is required for the SID2 and NPR1 independence. The small-molecule glucosyltransferase UGT76B1 inactivates salicylic acid (SA), isoleucic acid (ILA), and N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP). ugt76b1 loss-of-function plants manifest an enhanced defense status.

UGT76B1, a promiscuous hub of small molecule-based immune signaling, glucosylates N-hydroxypipecolic acid, and balances plant immunity.

Glucosylation modulates the biological activity of small molecules and frequently leads to their inactivation. The Arabidopsis thaliana glucosyltransferase UGT76B1 is involved in conjugating the stress hormone salicylic acid (SA) as well as isoleucic acid (ILA). Here, we show that UGT76B1 also glucosylates N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP), which is synthesized by FLAVIN-DEPENDENT MONOOXYGENASE 1 (FMO1) and activates systemic acquired resistance (SAR).

Identification and functional characterization of two bamboo FD gene homologs having contrasting effects on shoot growth and flowering.

Bamboos, member of the family Poaceae, represent many interesting features with respect to their fast and extended vegetative growth, unusual, yet divergent flowering time across species, and impact of sudden, large scale flowering on forest ecology. However, not many studies have been conducted at the molecular level to characterize important genes that regulate vegetative and flowering habit in bamboo. In this study, two bamboo FD genes, BtFD1 and BtFD2, which are members of the florigen activation complex (FAC) have been identified by sequence and phylogenetic analyses.

Corrigendum: The Defense-Related Isoleucic Acid Differentially Accumulates in Among Branched-Chain Amino Acid-Related 2-Hydroxy Carboxylic Acids.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.

The isoleucic acid triad: distinct impacts on plant defense, root growth, and formation of reactive oxygen species.

Isoleucic acid (ILA), a branched-chain amino acid-related 2-hydroxycarboxylic acid, occurs ubiquitously in plants. It enhances pathogen resistance and inhibits root growth of Arabidopsis. The salicylic acid (SA) glucosyltransferase UGT76B1 is able to conjugate ILA.

The Defense-Related Isoleucic Acid Differentially Accumulates in Among Branched-Chain Amino Acid-Related 2-Hydroxy Carboxylic Acids.

The branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) related 2-hydroxy carboxylic acid isoleucic acid (ILA) enhances salicylic acid-mediated pathogen defense in . ILA has been identified in as its glucose conjugate correlated with the activity of the small-molecule glucosyltransferase UGT76B1, which can glucosylate both salicylic acid and ILA . However, endogenous levels of the ILA aglycon have not yet been determined .

The Arabidopsis glucosyltransferase UGT76B1 conjugates isoleucic acid and modulates plant defense and senescence.

Plants coordinate and tightly regulate pathogen defense by the mostly antagonistic salicylate (SA)- and jasmonate (JA)-mediated signaling pathways. Here, we show that the previously uncharacterized glucosyltransferase UGT76B1 is a novel player in this SA-JA signaling crosstalk. UGT76B1 was selected as the top stress-induced isoform among all 122 members of the Arabidopsis thaliana UGT family.

Ectopic expression of Arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane intrinsic protein 2 aquaporins in lily pollen increases the plasma membrane water permeability of grain but not of tube protoplasts.

To investigate the role of aquaporin-mediated water transport during pollen grain germination and tube growth, Arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) were expressed in pollen of Lilium longiflorum (lily). Successful expression of AtPIPs in particle-bombarded lily pollen grains was monitored by co-expression with fluorescent proteins and single-cell RT-PCR, and by measuring the water permeability coefficient (P(os)) in swelling assays using protoplasts prepared from transformed pollen grains and tubes. Expression of AtPIP1;1 and AtPIP1;2 in pollen grains resulted in P(os) values similar to those measured in nontransformed pollen grain protoplasts (6.

Detection of the activating JAK2 V617F mutation in paraffin-embedded trephine bone marrow biopsies of patients with chronic myeloproliferative diseases.

The discovery of the activating V617F mutation in the JAK2 tyrosine kinase in a high proportion of patients with Ph- chronic myeloproliferative diseases (CMPD) represents a diagnostic breakthrough for these disorders. Trephine bone marrow biopsy is an essential part of the diagnostic workup of CMPD and represents a valuable archival source of DNA. Therefore, we studied 152 paraffin-embedded trephines with CMPD and related disorders for the presence of the V617F mutation, using both allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested PCR with subsequent digestion with BsaXI.

Crosstalk and differential response to abiotic and biotic stressors reflected at the transcriptional level of effector genes from secondary metabolism.

Plant secondary metabolism significantly contributes to defensive measures against adverse abiotic and biotic cues. To investigate stress-induced, transcriptional alterations of underlying effector gene families, which encode enzymes acting consecutively in secondary metabolism and defense reactions, a DNA array (MetArray) harboring gene-specific probes was established. It comprised complete sets of genes encoding 109 secondary product glycosyltransferases and 63 glutathione-utilizing enzymes along with 62 cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and 26 ABC transporters.