A draft UAE-based Arab pangenome reference.

Pangenomes provide a robust and comprehensive portrayal of genetic diversity in humans, but Arab populations remain underrepresented. We present a preliminary UAE-based Arab Pangenome Reference (UPR) utilizing 53 individuals of diverse Arab ethnicities residing in the United Arab Emirates. We assembled nuclear and mitochondrial pangenomes using 35.

Transcriptomic Evidence of a Link between Cell Wall Biogenesis, Pathogenesis, and Vigor in Walnut Root and Trunk Diseases.

Crown gall disease (), crown/root rot disease ( spp.), root lesion disease () and tree vigor are key traits affecting the productivity and quality of walnuts in California. Unchallenged hybrid rootstocks were analyzed by RNA-seq to examine pre-formed factors affecting these traits.

assembly and annotation of L. seed transcriptome identifies key genes in the biosynthesis of bonducellin, a homoisoflavonoid.

L. is a traditional medicinal plant containing a potential homoisoflavonoid, bonducellin, with therapeutic values against polycystic ovary syndrome, oxidative damage, pathogenic bacteria, irregular menstrual cycle, ovarian cancer and diabetes. Owing to the multi-therapeutic properties of bonducellin, knowledge of its biosynthetic pathway genes will help understand its regulatory mechanism and thus improve the yield.

Gender specific SNP markers in Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr. for resource augmentation.

Background: Unregulated extraction of highly traded medicinal plant species results in drastic decline of the natural resources and alters viable sex ratio of populations. Conservation and long-term survival of such species, require gender specific restoration programs to ensure reproductive success. However, it is often difficult to differentiate sex of individuals before reaching reproductive maturity.

NGS transcriptomic analysis uncovers the possible resistance mechanisms of olive to leaf spot infection.

is a dangerous obligate fungal pathogen of olive, feared in the Mediterranean countries, causing or , which can lead to a serious yield loss of approximately 20% or higher depending on climatic conditions. Coping with this disease is much more problematic for organic farms. To date, knowledge on the genetic control of possible mechanisms of resistance/low susceptibility is quite limited.

Transcriptomic Analysis of the (L.) Fruits Enable the Identification of Genes and Hormone-Related Gene Linked to Inflorescence Bud Abscission.

(L.) is an alternate bearing species. The tree produces axillary inflorescence buds every year.

Gut germinal center regeneration and enhanced antiviral immunity by mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in SIV infection.

Although antiretroviral therapy suppresses HIV replication, it does not eliminate viral reservoirs or restore damaged lymphoid tissue, posing obstacles to HIV eradication. Using the SIV model of AIDS, we investigated the effect of mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) infusions on gut mucosal recovery, antiviral immunity, and viral suppression and determined associated molecular/metabolic signatures. MSC administration to SIV-infected macaques resulted in viral reduction and heightened virus-specific responses.

Two UGT84A Family Glycosyltransferases Regulate Phenol, Flavonoid, and Tannin Metabolism in (English Walnut).

We showed previously that gallic acid is produced in walnut from 3-dehydroshikimate by a shikimate dehydrogenase (JrSkDH). This study focuses on the next step in the hydrolysable tannin pathway, the formation of 1--galloyl-β-D-glucose from the phenolic gallic acid and UDP glucose by a glycosyltransferase. JrGGT1 (UGT84A73) and JrGGT2 (UGT84A74) are predicted to be two such glycosyltransferases, which we expressed in tobacco plants.

Transcriptome Analysis of Inflorescence Buds in Bearing and Non-Bearing Shoots Reveals the Molecular Mechanism Causing Premature Flower Bud Abscission.

The alteration of heavy ("ON/bearing") and light ("OFF/non-bearing") yield in pistachio ( L.) has been reported to result from the abscission of inflorescence buds on high yielding trees during the summer, but the regulatory mechanisms involved in this bud abscission remain unclear. The analysis provides insights into the transcript changes between inflorescence buds on bearing and non-bearing shoots, that we indicated as "ON" and "OFF", and shed light on the molecular mechanisms causing premature inflorescence bud abscission in the pistachio cultivar "Bianca" which can be related to the alternate bearing behavior.

Sequencing a × hybrid yields high-quality genome assemblies of parental species.

Members of the genus are monecious wind-pollinated trees in the family Juglandaceae with highly heterozygous genomes, which greatly complicates genome sequence assembly. The genomes of interspecific hybrids are usually comprised of haploid genomes of parental species. We exploited this attribute of interspecific hybrids to avoid heterozygosity and sequenced an interspecific hybrid  ×  using a novel combination of single-molecule sequencing and optical genome mapping technologies.

Next-generation sequencing analysis reveals high bacterial diversity in wild venomous and non-venomous snakes from India.

Background: The oral cavities of snakes are replete with various types of bacterial flora. Culture-dependent studies suggest that some of the bacterial species are responsible for secondary bacterial infection associated with snakebite. A complete profile of the ophidian oral bacterial community has been unreported until now.

Identifying Host Molecular Features Strongly Linked With Responses to Huanglongbing Disease in Citrus Leaves.

A bioinformatic analysis of previously published RNA-Seq studies on Huanglongbing (HLB) response and tolerance in leaf tissues was performed. The aim was to identify genes commonly modulated between studies and genes, pathways and gene set categories strongly associated with this devastating Citrus disease. Bioinformatic analysis of expression data of four datasets present in NCBI provided 46-68 million reads with an alignment percentage of 72.

Transcriptomic responses to biotic stresses in Malus x domestica: a meta-analysis study.

RNA-Seq analysis is a strong tool to gain insight into the molecular responses to biotic stresses in plants. The objective of this work is to identify specific and common molecular responses between different transcriptomic data related to fungi, virus and bacteria attacks in Malus x domestica. We analyzed seven transcriptomic datasets in Malus x domestica divided in responses to fungal pathogens, virus (Apple Stem Grooving Virus) and bacteria (Erwinia amylovora).

Gaining Insight into Exclusive and Common Transcriptomic Features Linked with Biotic Stress Responses in Malus.

Identifying key information in transcriptomic data is very important, especially when the "omic" study deals with plant responses to stresses in field conditions where a high number of variables and disturbing factors may affect the analysis. In this meta-analysis we collected 12 transcriptomic works in Malus in order to identify which key genes, proteins, gene categories are involved in general plant pathological conditions and those features linked with exclusive biotic stress responses. Those genes that are only related with molecular responses to pathogen attacks and those linked with other plant physiological processes were identified.

Holocene Selection for Variants Associated With General Cognitive Ability: Comparing Ancient and Modern Genomes.

Human populations living during the Holocene underwent considerable microevolutionary change. It has been theorized that the transition of Holocene populations into agrarianism and urbanization brought about culture-gene co-evolution that favored via directional selection genetic variants associated with higher general cognitive ability (GCA). To examine whether GCA might have risen during the Holocene, we compare a sample of 99 ancient Eurasian genomes (ranging from 4.