An antibacterial dual-network polyelectrolyte coating for orthopedic implant.

Bacterial infections, aseptic loosening, and poor osseointegration remain challenges for orthopedic implants. In this study, we developed a dual-network polyelectrolyte antibacterial coating for orthopedic implants to prevent bacterial infections. The coating was prepared via UV-triggered in situ polymerization, composed of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and polyacrylic acid (PAA), with enhanced mechanical properties due to electrostatic interactions between them.

Is Minimally Invasive Superior to Traditional Open Technique for 2-Segmental Transforaminal Interbody Fusion in the Treatment of Lumbar Degenerative Disease?

Study Design: Retrospective case-control study.

Objective: To compare minimally invasive transforminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) and traditional open TLIF in the treatment of 2-segment lumbar degenerative diseases.

Summary Of Background Data: In recent years, minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has been widely used compared with traditional open TLIF techniques, but owing to differences in research factors, MIS-TLIF and open TLIF remain controversial in the treatment of 2-level lumbar degenerative diseases.

Environmental, economic, and social sustainability in aquaculture: the aquaculture performance indicators.

Aquaculture is a rapidly growing food production technology, but there are significant concerns related to its environmental impact and adverse social effects. We examine aquaculture outcomes in a three pillars of sustainability framework by analyzing data collected using the Aquaculture Performance Indicators. Using this approach, comparable data has been collected for 57 aquaculture systems worldwide on 88 metrics that measure social, economic, or environmental outcomes.

Reconstruction the feedback regulation of amino acid metabolism to develop a non-auxotrophic L-threonine producing Corynebacterium glutamicum.

L-Threonine is an important feed additive with the third largest market size among the amino acids produced by microbial fermentation. The GRAS (generally regarded as safe) industrial workhorse Corynebacterium glutamicum is an attractive chassis for L-threonine production. However, the present L-threonine production in C.

Development of a growth-coupled selection platform for directed evolution of heme biosynthetic enzymes in .

Heme is an important tetrapyrrole compound, and has been widely applied in food and medicine industries. Although microbial production of heme has been developed with metabolic engineering strategies during the past 20 years, the production levels are relatively low due to the multistep enzymatic processes and complicated regulatory mechanisms of microbes. Previous studies mainly adopted the strategies of strengthening precursor supply and product transportation to engineer microbes for improving heme biosynthesis.

An ultrasensitive method for detecting mutations from short and rare cell-free DNA.

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) was short and rare, making the detection performance of the current targeted sequencing methods unsatisfying. We developed the One-PrimER Amplification (OPERA) system and examined its performance in detecting mutations of low variant allelic frequency (VAF) in various samples with short-sized DNA fragments. In cell line-derived samples containing sonication-sheared DNA fragments with 50-150 bp, OPERA was capable of detecting mutations as low as 0.

Engineering of the DNA replication and repair machinery to develop binary mutators for rapid genome evolution of Corynebacterium glutamicum.

Corynebacterium glutamicum is an important industrial workhorse for production of amino acids and chemicals. Although recently developed genome editing technologies have advanced the rational genetic engineering of C. glutamicum, continuous genome evolution based on genetic mutators is still unavailable.

Single virus tracking of Ebola virus entry through lipid rafts in living host cells.

Ebola virus (EBOV) is one of the most pathogenic viruses in humans which can cause a lethal hemorrhagic fever. Understanding the cellular entry mechanisms of EBOV can promote the development of new therapeutic strategies to control virus replication and spread. It has been known that EBOV virions bind to factors expressed at the host cell surface.

[Performance evaluation of GIMMS NDVI based on MODIS NDVI and SPOT NDVI data].

The study evaluated GIMMS NDVI based on MODIS NDVI and SPOT NDVI over the same period from 2000 to 2015. We assessed their absolute values, dynamics, trends and cross-relationships between any two of the NDVIs for the national scale, as well as four separate land use types, i.e.

Neuroprotective effect of resveratrol against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity.

As the major neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), excessive extracellular glutamate (Glu) can activate the Glu receptors and neuronal calcium (Ca2+) overload, then produce neurotoxicity, which is a common pathway for neuronal injury or death, and is associated with acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, it has been a therapeutic strategy to investigate neuroprotective effects against Glu-induced neurotoxicity for treating both acute and chronic forms of neurodegeneration. Resveratrol (Res), as a naturally occurring polyphenol mainly found in grapes and red wine, has shown a neuroprotective effect in a variety of experimental models for neurodegenerative diseases in vitro and in vivo.

Lactate utilization is regulated by the FadR-type regulator LldR in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

NAD-independent L-lactate dehydrogenase (l-iLDH) and NAD-independent D-lactate dehydrogenase (D-iLDH) activities are induced coordinately by either enantiomer of lactate in Pseudomonas strains. Inspection of the genomic sequences of different Pseudomonas strains revealed that the lldPDE operon comprises 3 genes, lldP (encoding a lactate permease), lldD (encoding an L-iLDH), and lldE (encoding a D-iLDH). Cotranscription of lldP, lldD, and lldE in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain XMG starts with the base, C, that is located 138 bp upstream of the lldP ATG start codon.

Efficient bioconversion of l-threonine to 2-oxobutyrate using whole cells of Pseudomonas stutzeri SDM.

2-Oxobutyrate (2-OBA) is an important intermediate with many applications in the drug and chemical industries. l-Threonine, an industrial fermentation product, could be used as a suitable starting material for the 2-OBA production. In this study, whole cells of Pseudomonas stutzeri SDM were confirmed to possess a good ability to convert l-threonine into 2-OBA.

Chemoenzymatic synthesis of N-acetyl-D-neuraminic acid from N-acetyl-D-glucosamine by using the spore surface-displayed N-acetyl-D-neuraminic acid aldolase.

Chemoenzymatic synthesis of N-acetyl-d-neuraminic acid from N-acetyl-d-glucosamine using the spore surface-displayed N-acetyl-d-neuraminic acid aldolase at a high concentration (53.9 g liter(-1)) was achieved in this study. Thus, displaying a target enzyme on the surface of spores might be an alternative for integration of biocatalytic conversion into chemical synthesis.

Production of N-acetyl-D-neuraminic acid by use of an efficient spore surface display system.

Production of N-acetyl-D-neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) via biocatalysis is traditionally conducted using isolated enzymes or whole cells. The use of isolated enzymes is restricted by the time-consuming purification process, whereas the application of whole cells is limited by the permeability barrier presented by the microbial cell membrane. In this study, a novel type of biocatalyst, Neu5Ac aldolase presented on the surface of Bacillus subtilis spores, was used for the production of Neu5Ac.