DNMT1 recruits RUNX1 and represses FOXO1 transcription to inhibit anti-inflammatory activity of regulatory T cells and augments sepsis-induced lung injury.

Sepsis-induced lung injury (ALI) is a critical condition characterized by excessive immune responses and tissue damage. Previous evidence has underscored an upregulation pattern of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) in sepsis. This study reveals the key role of DNMT1 in modulating regulatory T cell (Treg) activity in septic ALI.

Glycopeptidolipid Genotype Correlates With the Severity of Mycobacterium abscessus Lung Disease.

Background: Smooth and rough colony morphotypes of Mycobacterium abscessus are associated with virulence, but some isolates form both smooth and rough colonies, impeding successful morphotype identification. Reportedly, smooth/rough morphotypes are also related to the glycopeptidolipid (GPL) genotype. However, the accuracy of GPL genotyping to discriminate morphotypes and the relationship between GPL genotype and clinical characteristics of M abscessus lung disease have not been verified.

Detection and molecular characterisation of amikacin-resistant Mycobacterium abscessus isolated from patients with pulmonary disease.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms conferring amikacin (AMK) resistance in Mycobacterium abscessus clinical isolates.

Methods: A total of 194M. abscessus clinical isolates were collected from patients with pulmonary disease during the period 2012-2017.

Prognostic Value of Concomitant Bronchiectasis in Newly Diagnosed Diffuse Panbronchiolitis Patients on a Maintenance Therapy with Macrolides.

Background: Factors determining the prognosis of diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) remain unclear at present. The objective of this study was to identify the prognostic value of concomitant bronchiectasis in the macrolide treatment efficacy and exacerbation risk in DPB patients.

Methods: Data of patients initially diagnosed with DPB at the Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital between January 2007 and December 2017 were retrospectively collected and analyzed.

Molecular Analysis of Linezolid-Resistant Clinical Isolates of .

A total of 194 isolates were collected from patients, and the whole genomes were sequenced. Eighty-five (43.8%) isolates showed linezolid (LZD) resistance.

The Serum Level of IL-1B Correlates with the Activity of Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis.

Background: Until now, there have been no objective criteria to determine the activity of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA). This study aims to analyze the correlation between serum level of IL-1B and the activity of CPA and to determine whether serum IL-1B could be used to assess the activity of CPA.

Methods: A total of 469 newly diagnosed CPA patients were enrolled.