Factors Influencing End-of-Life Decisions in Cancer Patients After Traumatic Injuries.

Introduction: Severe traumatic injuries are frequently associated with poor outcomes, and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment (WLST) after traumatic brain injury is common. However, the association between WLST and pre-existing cancer in all trauma patients remains underexplored.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from the American College of Surgery Trauma Quality Programs in 2022.

Relation of Malnutrition on Septic Older Adults in Emergency Gastrointestinal Surgery: A Modified Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition Analysis.

Introduction: Malnutrition in older adults has significant ramifications for surgical outcomes. The incidence of malnutrition is up to 30% in emergent gastrointestinal surgery (EGS). This study aims to investigate malnutrition's correlation on outcomes of older adults with preoperative sepsis undergoing EGS.

Clinician views on acupuncture for acute pain care in a busy urban emergency department.

Introduction: Opioid misuse and dependence remain critical public health issues in the U.S., contributing significantly to reduced life expectancy.

A stress-dependent TDP-43 SUMOylation program preserves neuronal function.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) are overwhelmingly linked to TDP-43 dysfunction. Mutations in TDP-43 are rare, indicating that the progressive accumulation of exogenous factors - such as cellular stressors - converge on TDP-43 to play a key role in disease pathogenesis. Post translational modifications such as SUMOylation play essential roles in response to such exogenous stressors.

Deafness due to loss of a TRPV channel eliminates mating behavior in males.

Attraction and mating between male and female animals depend on effective communication between conspecifics. However, in mosquitoes, we have only a rudimentary understanding of the sensory cues and receptors critical for the communication that is essential for reproductive behavior. While it is known that male use sound to help them identify females, it is not unclear whether sound detection is absolutely required since other cues such as vision may also participate in mating behavior.

Measuring the total photon economy of molecular species through fluorescent optical cycling.

The total photon economy of a chromophore molecular species represents a study of how absorbed photons partition among various electronic states and ultimately dissipate their excited energy into the environment. A complete accounting of these rates and pathways would allow one to optimize chromophores and their environments for applications. We describe a technique, fluorescent optical cycling (FOC), which allows for simultaneous observation of prompt and delayed emission during and after multiple pulsed excitation, ultimately granting access to multi-state photophysical rates.

Seat Belt Injury and Efferent Loop Laceration Following a Single Anastomosis Duodenal Switch: A Case Report.

Blunt abdominal trauma patients who have had prior bariatric procedures may present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The single anastomosis duodenal-ileal bypass with sleeve (SADI-S) is a modified duodenal switch procedure that is relatively uncommon. This case report describes a patient who previously underwent a SADI-S for the management of obesity and subsequently sustained a seat belt injury in a motor vehicle collision resulting in a laceration of the efferent loop.

Phenotypic and transcriptional changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells during alphavirus encephalitis in mice.

Unlabelled: Sindbis virus (SINV) infection of mice provides a model system for studying the pathogenesis of alphaviruses that infect the central nervous system (CNS) to cause encephalomyelitis. While studies of human viral infections typically focus on accessible cells from the blood, this compartment is rarely evaluated in mice. To bridge this gap, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) was combined with flow cytometry to characterize the transcriptional and phenotypic changes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from SINV-infected mice.

Steering Wheel Aftermarket Rhinestone Emblem Projectile Injury in a Motor Vehicle Collision: A Case Report.

Motor vehicle collisions are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality within the United States. Safety devices such as seatbelts and airbags have significantly reduced mortality rates for drivers. Some drivers personalize their vehicles with inexpensive items that may cause significant injury during vehicular collisions.

Genetic and pharmacological reduction of CDK14 mitigates synucleinopathy.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons (DaNs) and the abnormal accumulation of α-Synuclein (α-Syn) protein. Currently, no treatment can slow nor halt the progression of PD. Multiplications and mutations of the α-Syn gene (SNCA) cause PD-associated syndromes and animal models that overexpress α-Syn replicate several features of PD.

Disease Behaviour Classification: A pragmatic model for predicting outcomes in Interstitial Lung Disease.

Background And Objective: The interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are a heterogenous group of disorders with similar clinical presentation, but widely varying prognoses. The use of a pragmatic disease behaviour classification (DBC), first proposed in international guidelines in 2013, categorises diseases into five behavioural classes based on their predicted clinical course. This study aimed to determine the prognostic utility of the DBC in an ILD cohort.

Interferon regulatory factor 7 modulates virus clearance and immune responses to alphavirus encephalomyelitis.

Viral encephalomyelitis outcome is dependent on host responses to neuronal infection. Interferon (IFN) is an important component of the innate response, and IFN regulatory factor (IRF) 7 is an inducible transcription factor for the synthesis of IFN-α. IRF7-deficient mice develop fatal paralysis after CNS infection with Sindbis virus, while wild-type mice recover.

Association of Project ECHO Training With Buprenorphine Prescribing by Primary Care Clinicians in Minnesota for Treating Opioid Use Disorder.

Importance: Buprenorphine is an approved medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD); however, prescribing buprenorphine is limited by a requirement to obtain a waiver to prescribe it (hereinafter, "DATA [Drug Abuse Treatment Act]-waiver") and a lack of knowledge of the best practices among clinicians.

Objective: To examine how Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) telementoring is associated with changes in DATA-waiver attainment and buprenorphine prescribing among primary care clinicians in Minnesota.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this retrospective matched-cohort study of 918 clinicians, ECHO-trained clinicians were enrolled on the date they first attended ECHO (January 3, 2018, to June 11, 2020); comparison clinicians were assigned an enrollment date from the distribution of the first ECHO sessions.

In-Home Cannabis Smoking Among a Cannabis-Using Convenience Sample from the Global Drug Survey: With Weighted Estimates for U.S. Respondents.

Secondhand and thirdhand smoke exposure most often occur at home, but little is known about occurrences of in-home smoking. We ascertained in-home cannabis smoking reported by all (i.e.

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis doxycycline tolerance strategies include modulating expression of genes involved in cell permeability and tRNA modifications.

Antibiotic tolerance is typically associated with a phenotypic change within a bacterial population, resulting in a transient decrease in antibiotic susceptibility that can contribute to treatment failure and recurrent infections. Although tolerant cells may emerge prior to treatment, the stress of prolonged antibiotic exposure can also promote tolerance. Here, we sought to determine how Yersinia pseudotuberculosis responds to doxycycline exposure, to then verify if these gene expression changes could promote doxycycline tolerance in culture and in our mouse model of infection.

Is AI the Ultimate QA?

We are among the many that believe that artificial intelligence will not replace practitioners and is most valuable as an adjunct in diagnostic radiology. We suggest a different approach to utilizing the technology, which may help even radiologists who may be averse to adopting AI. A novel method of leveraging AI combines computer vision and natural language processing to ambiently function in the background, monitoring for critical care gaps.

Basal lamina changes in neurodegenerative disorders.

Background: Neurodegenerative disorders are a group of age-associated diseases characterized by progressive degeneration of the structure and function of the CNS. Two key pathological features of these disorders are blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and protein aggregation.

Main Body: The BBB is composed of various cell types and a non-cellular component---the basal lamina (BL).

In-home cannabis smoking more prevalent than in-home tobacco smoking among 2019 Global Drug Survey respondents.

Purpose Of The Research: Early evidence from studies of home smoking policies suggests that in-home cannabis smoking is more often allowed than in-home tobacco smoking, but there are not yet data on whether cannabis is more often smoked in the home compared to tobacco, or whether in-home cannabis and tobacco smoking differs by usage status. Using cross-sectional data from over 100,000 sentinel drug users from 17 countries, we compared cannabis and tobacco smoking in the homes of Global Drug Survey 2019 respondents who currently used cannabis only, tobacco only, both tobacco and cannabis, or neither.

Principal Results: Complete data on cannabis and tobacco use and in-home smoking were available for 107,272 adults (average age = 30 ± 12, 34% women, countries with the three highest response rates; Germany = 32%, USA = 10%, New Zealand = 9%).

Is prediction nothing more than multi-scale pattern completion of the future?

While the notion of the brain as a prediction machine has been extremely influential and productive in cognitive science, there are competing accounts of how best to model and understand the predictive capabilities of brains. One prominent framework is of a "Bayesian brain" that explicitly generates predictions and uses resultant errors to guide adaptation. We suggest that the prediction-generation component of this framework may involve little more than a pattern completion process.

The Oxygen project: a prospective study to assess the effectiveness of a targeted intervention to improve oxygen management in hospitalised patients.

Background: Oxygen is commonly used in the acute care setting. However, used inappropriately, oxygen therapy can result in adverse consequences, including progressive respiratory failure and death.

Aim: To investigate the effectiveness of a targeted intervention to improve prescribing practice and therapeutic application of supplemental oxygen.

Prevalence and Treatment of Osteoporosis Prior to Elective Shoulder Arthroplasty.

Introduction: The rate of preoperative osteoporosis in lower extremity arthroplasty is 33%. The prevalence of osteoporosis in shoulder arthroplasty patients is inadequately studied. The purpose of this study was to (1) determine the prevalence of osteoporosis in patients undergoing elective shoulder arthroplasty, (2) report the percentage of patients having dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) testing before surgery, and (3) determine the percentage of patients who have been prescribed osteoporosis medications within 6 months before or after surgery.