Biotransformation of Canola Feedstock Waste Using Brassica Pest Microbiome: Proof of Concept for Insects as Bioengineers.

The toxicity of glucosinolate, isothiocyanate and sinapin limits canola meal's use as non-ruminant animal feed. While monoculture microbial biorefining has been explored, the potential and capability of insect-associated microbiomes in this context remain underexplored. Herein, we extracted the gut and frass extracts from canola feeding larvae of Heliothis moth (HP), cabbage white (WCF) and cabbage looper (CL).

Biosynthesis of bromoform by fungi provides a natural pathway to mitigate enteric methane emissions from ruminants.

The ruminant livestock industry is the largest agricultural emissions source of anthropogenic greenhouse gases, primarily from enteric methane. Several technologies, both natural and synthetic are being investigated to mitigate enteric methane emissions. Macroalgae derived feed ingredients that contain bromoform, a recognised inhibitor of methanogenesis, are an effective natural approach for methane mitigation.

Identifying Putative Biomarkers of Foodborne Pathogens Using a Metabolomic Approach.

Metabolomics is the study of low molecular weight biochemical molecules (typically <1500 Da) in a defined biological organism or system. In case of food systems, the term "food metabolomics" is often used. Food metabolomics has been widely explored and applied in various fields including food analysis, food intake, food traceability, and food safety.

Multi-omics analysis of hospital-acquired diarrhoeal patients reveals biomarkers of enterococcal proliferation and Clostridioides difficile infection.

Hospital-acquired diarrhoea (HAD) is common, and often associated with gut microbiota and metabolome dysbiosis following antibiotic administration. Clostridioides difficile is the most significant antibiotic-associated diarrhoeal (AAD) pathogen, but less is known about the microbiota and metabolome associated with AAD and C. difficile infection (CDI) with contrasting antibiotic treatment.

Unravelling the gut-lung axis: insights into microbiome interactions and Traditional Indian Medicine's perspective on optimal health.

The microbiome of the human gut is a complex assemblage of microorganisms that are in a symbiotic relationship with one another and profoundly influence every aspect of human health. According to converging evidence, the human gut is a nodal point for the physiological performance matrixes of the vital organs on several axes (i.e.

Intelligent Biological Networks: Improving Anti-Microbial Resistance Resilience through Nutritional Interventions to Understand Protozoal Gut Infections.

Enteric protozoan pathogenic infections significantly contribute to the global burden of gastrointestinal illnesses. Their occurrence is considerable within remote and indigenous communities and regions due to reduced access to clean water and adequate sanitation. The robustness of these pathogens leads to a requirement of harsh treatment methods, such as medicinal drugs or antibiotics.

A pilot study: Metabolic profiling of plasma and saliva samples from newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients.

Background: Despite aggressive treatment, more than 90% of glioblastoma (GBM) patients experience recurrences. GBM response to therapy is currently assessed by imaging techniques and tissue biopsy. However, difficulties with these methods may cause misinterpretation of treatment outcomes.

Gut Microbial Perturbation and Host Response Induce Redox Pathway Upregulation along the Gut-Liver Axis during Giardiasis in C57BL/6J Mouse Model.

Apicomplexan infections, such as giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis, negatively impact a considerable proportion of human and commercial livestock populations. Despite this, the molecular mechanisms of disease, particularly the effect on the body beyond the gastrointestinal tract, are still poorly understood. To highlight host-parasite-microbiome biochemical interactions, we utilised integrated metabolomics-16S rRNA genomics and metabolomics-proteomics approaches in a C57BL/6J mouse model of giardiasis and compared these to and uropathogenic (UPEC) infections.

A Time-Series Metabolomic Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Ferret Model.

The global threat of COVID-19 has led to an increased use of metabolomics to study SARS-CoV-2 infections in animals and humans. In spite of these efforts, however, understanding the metabolome of SARS-CoV-2 during an infection remains difficult and incomplete. In this study, metabolic responses to a SAS-CoV-2 challenge experiment were studied in nasal washes collected from an asymptomatic ferret model ( = 20) at different time points before and after infection using an LC-MS-based metabolomics approach.

Multi-Omics, an Integrated Approach to Identify Novel Blood Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease.

The metabolomic and proteomic basis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is poorly understood, and the relationships between systemic abnormalities in metabolism and AD/MCI pathogenesis is unclear. This study compared the metabolomic and proteomic signature of plasma from cognitively normal (CN) and dementia patients diagnosed with MCI or AD, to identify specific cellular pathways and new biomarkers altered with the progression of the disease. We analysed 80 plasma samples from individuals with MCI or AD, as well as age- and gender-matched CN individuals, by utilising mass spectrometry methods and data analyses that included combined pathway analysis and model predictions.

Utilising lipid and, arginine and proline metabolism in blood plasma to differentiate the biochemical expression in functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) such as functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are highly prevalent and debilitating attributed to altered gut function and gut-brain interactions. FGID can be reliably diagnosed based upon the symptom pattern; but in the clinical setting FD or IBS a frequent diagnoses of exclusion after relevant structural causes of symptoms have been ruled out by appropriate testing. Thus far, there is no established biomarker for FGIDs.

Is there any biological insight (or respite) for insects exposed to plastics? Measuring the impact on an insects central carbon metabolism when exposed to a plastic feed substrate.

Insects used to treat organic waste streams and produce valuable protein products are increasingly exposed to plastic contaminated source material assimilating plastic carbon into organic biomass, which is pervasive and hazardous to organisms. Our understanding of this increased insect-plastic interaction remains limited and needs urgent scientific attention if plastic biodegradation and production rates of quality protein are to be improved. Herein, we investigated the biochemical impact of various plastics using three insect models.

Cryptosporidiosis Modulates the Gut Microbiome and Metabolism in a Murine Infection Model.

Cryptosporidiosis is a major human health concern globally. Despite well-established methods, misdiagnosis remains common. Our understanding of the cryptosporidiosis biochemical mechanism remains limited, compounding the difficulty of clinical diagnosis.

Salivaomics as a Potential Tool for Predicting Alzheimer's Disease During the Early Stages of Neurodegeneration.

Background: The metabolomic and proteomic basis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is poorly understood and the relationships between systemic abnormalities in metabolism and AD/AMCI pathogenesis are unclear.

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the metabolomic and proteomic signature of saliva from cognitively normal and patients diagnosed with MCI or AD, to identify specific cellular pathways altered with the progression of the disease.

Methods: We analyzed 80 saliva samples from individuals with MCI or AD as well as age- and gender-matched healthy controls.

Metabolic Profiling from an Asymptomatic Ferret Model of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a contagious respiratory disease that is causing significant global morbidity and mortality. Understanding the impact of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on the host metabolism is still in its infancy but of great importance. Herein, we investigated the metabolic response during viral shedding and post-shedding in an asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 ferret model (n = 6) challenged with two SARS-CoV-2 isolates.

Functional analysis of pristine estuarine marine sediments.

Traditional environmental monitoring techniques are well suited to resolving acute exposure effects but lack resolution in determining subtle shifts in ecosystem functions resulting from chronic exposure(s). Surveillance with sensitive omics-based technologies could bridge this gap but, to date, most omics-based environmental studies have focused on previously degraded environments, identifying key metabolic differences resulting from anthropogenic perturbations. Here, we apply omics-based approaches to pristine environments to establish blueprints of microbial functionality within healthy estuarine sediment communities.

A multi-platform metabolomics approach to identify possible biomarkers for human faecal contamination in Greenshell™ mussels (Perna canaliculus).

Bivalve molluscs have the potential to bioaccumulate microbial pathogens including noroviruses from aquatic environments and as such, there is a need for a rapid and cheap in-situ method for their detection. Here, we characterise the tissue-specific response of New Zealand Greenshell™ mussels (Perna canaliculus) to faecal contamination from two different sources (municipal sewage and human faeces). This is done with the view to identify potential biomarkers that could be further developed into low cost, rapid and sensitive in-situ biosensors for human faecal contamination detection of mussels in growing areas.

Utilizing the Food-Pathogen Metabolome to Putatively Identify Biomarkers for the Detection of Shiga Toxin-Producing (STEC) from Spinach.

Shiga toxigenic (STEC) are an important cause of foodborne disease globally with many outbreaks linked to the consumption of contaminated foods such as leafy greens. Existing methods for STEC detection and isolation are time-consuming. Rapid methods may assist in preventing contaminated products from reaching consumers.

Modulating the Microbiome and Immune Responses Using Whole Plant Fibre in Synbiotic Combination with Fibre-Digesting Probiotic Attenuates Chronic Colonic Inflammation in Spontaneous Colitic Mice Model of IBD.

A probiotic and prebiotic food ingredient combination was tested for synergistic functioning in modulation of the colonic microbiome and remediation of the gastrointestinal immune and inflammatory responses in a spontaneous colitic mouse model. MTCC5856 spores with capability to metabolise complex plant polysaccharides were supplemented with complex whole-plant prebiotic sugarcane fibre (PSCF). The combined and individual efficacies were tested for their influence on the outcomes of chronic inflammation in mutant colitic Winnie mice.

Synbiotic supplementation with prebiotic green banana resistant starch and probiotic Bacillus coagulans spores ameliorates gut inflammation in mouse model of inflammatory bowel diseases.

Purpose: The research goal is to develop dietary strategies to help address the growing incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). This study has investigated the effectiveness of green banana resistant starch (GBRS) and probiotic Bacillus coagulans MTCC5856 spores for the amelioration of dextran-sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice.

Methods: Eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed standard rodent chow diet supplemented with either B.

Influence of Human Activities on Broad-Scale Estuarine-Marine Habitats Using Omics-Based Approaches Applied to Marine Sediments.

Rapid urban expansion and increased human activities have led to the progressive deterioration of many marine ecosystems. The diverse microbial communities that inhabit these ecosystems are believed to influence large-scale geochemical processes and, as such, analyzing their composition and functional metabolism can be a means to assessing an ecosystem's resilience to physical and chemical perturbations, or at the very least provide baseline information and insight into future research needs. Here we show the utilization of organic and inorganic contaminant screening coupled with metabolomics and bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing to assess the microbial community structure of marine sediments and their functional metabolic output.

DDS-1 Modulates Intestinal-Specific Microbiota, Short-Chain Fatty Acid and Immunological Profiles in Aging Mice.

Distribution of the microbiota varies according to the location in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Thus, dysbiosis during aging may not be limited to faecal microbiota and extend to the other parts of the GI tract, especially the cecum and colon. DDS-1, a probiotic strain, has been shown to modulate faecal microbiota and its associated metabolic phenotype in aging mice.

Synbiotic Supplementation Containing Whole Plant Sugar Cane Fibre and Probiotic Spores Potentiates Protective Synergistic Effects in Mouse Model of IBD.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a chronic inflammatory disorders with increasing global incidence. Synbiotic, which is a two-point approach carrying probiotic and prebiotic components in mitigating inflammation in IBD, is thought to be a pragmatic approach owing to the synergistic outcomes. In this study, the impacts of dietary supplementation with probiotic MTCC5856 spores () and prebiotic whole plant sugar cane fibre (PSCF) was assessed using a murine model of IBD.

Untargeted metabolomics analysis of the upper respiratory tract of ferrets following influenza A virus infection and oseltamivir treatment.

Introduction: Influenza is a highly contagious respiratory disease that causes high global morbidity and mortality each year. The dynamics of an influenza infection on the host metabolism, and how metabolism is altered in response to neuraminidase inhibitor drug therapy, is still in its infancy but of great importance.

Objectives: We aim to investigate the suitability of ferret nasal wash samples for metabolomics-based analysis and characterization of influenza infections and oseltamivir treatment.