Differential Neuroendocrine Responses and Dysregulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Following Repeated Mild Concussive Impacts and Blast Exposures in a Rat Model.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant public health concern, particularly among military personnel and contact sport athletes who are frequently exposed to repeated blast overpressure waves and mild concussive impacts, respectively. While moderate and severe TBIs have been extensively studied, the long-term neuroendocrine consequences of mild, repetitive brain trauma are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the temporal dynamics of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation following repeated mild concussive head impacts and blast exposures using two clinically relevant rodent models.

Longitudinal Dysregulation of Adiponectin and Leptin Following Blast-Induced Polytrauma in a Rat Model.

Blast-induced polytrauma (BIPT) is a common injury among military personnel exposed to explosive blasts. It is increasingly recognized as a complex, multisystem disorder that extends beyond neurological damage to include systemic metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction. Adipokines, particularly leptin and adiponectin, are hormones secreted by adipose tissue and are emerging as key mediators in the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injuries.

The impact of ChatGPT on orthopedic residents' scientific writing: A quasi-experimental study.

Background: Scientific writing is essential for orthopedic residents, enabling academic contributions and evidence-based practice. However, challenges such as time constraints, lack of training, and language barriers hinder their writing. AI-based tools like ChatGPT offer potential solutions to improve writing efficiency and quality.

One Week Hypofractionated Adjuvant Radiation for Early Breast Cancer Patients Treated at a Tertiary Cancer Centre in South India: A Comparative Dosimetric Study of Forward Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy (F-IMRT) and Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT).

This study is aimed at comparing the forward IMRT (F-IMRT) and VMAT techniques in the adjuvant treatment of left-sided breast cancer using hypofractionated radiation over 1 week with deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) via the Elekta Active Breathing Coordinator (ABC) system. Treatment plans for 26 patients receiving 26 Gy in five fractions (5.2 Gy/fraction), followed by a 10-Gy electron boost in five fractions, were analyzed.

Outcomes of curative surgery and adjuvant radiation therapy in salivary duct carcinoma.

Introduction: Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) forms an uncommon and aggressive subtype of salivary gland neoplasms with early recurrences and metastases. Their treatment includes surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. They overexpress androgen receptors (AR) and human epidermal receptor 2 (HER2), similar to breast carcinomas.

MIR dosimetry using CR-39 based α spectroscopy.

Medical Internal Radiation (MIR) Dosimetry formalism has been implemented for a liquid source by establishing CR-39 SSNTD based alpha spectroscopy. The alpha tracks were isolated from the raw tracks by establishing track diameter-brightness correlation. The measured spectrum has been reproduced using cylindrical source model and Geant4 simulations.

Tie2 activity in cancer associated myofibroblasts serves as novel target against reprogramming of cancer cells to embryonic-like cell state and associated poor prognosis in oral carcinoma patients.

Background: Myofibroblastic cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) in tumor stroma serves as an independent poor prognostic indicator, supporting higher stemness in oral cancer; however, the underlying biology is not fully comprehended. Here, we have explored the crucial role of Tunica Interna Endothelial Cell Kinase (Tie2/TEK) signaling in transition and maintenance of myofibroblastic phenotype of CAFs, and as possible link with the poor prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients.

Methods: Bulk and single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq) methods and in-depth bioinformatic analysis were applied for CAF and cancer cells co-culture for studying molecular relationships.

Degradation mechanism of P3HT:PCBM-based bulk heterojunction solar cells.

We have studied the degradation mechanism of P3HT:PCBM-based bulk heterojunction solar cells by developing the structure ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM/Al comprising different acceptor materials, namely, PCBM and PCBM. Both the devices have nearly the same photoconversion efficiency (PCE) of ≈3.8% immediately after fabrication.

Temporal Dynamics of Retinal Inflammation Following Blast Exposure in a Ferret Model.

Blast-induced traumatic ocular injury (bTOI) is a major cause of vision loss in military personnel involved in recent combat operations. However, its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, hindering the development of effective treatments. This study investigated the temporal expression patterns of key inflammatory markers in the retina after blast exposure using a ferret model.

Molecular epidemiology of small ruminant morbillivirus (SRMV) isolates from field outbreaks in Kerala, India based on fusion (F) and nucleoprotein (N) gene.

Small ruminants contribute significantly to the animal husbandry economy. Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is one of the major infectious diseases of small ruminants caused by small ruminant morbillivirus (SRMV) previously known as PPR virus-PPRV, a member of the genus Morbillivirus, which causes significant morbidity and mortality in affected population thereby disturb the economy of rural poor. The present study describes the molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of SRMV with complete nucleocapsid (N) and fusion (F) gene sequence.

Dysregulation of Retinal Melatonin Biosynthetic Pathway and Differential Expression of Retina-Specific Genes Following Blast-Induced Ocular Injury in Ferrets.

Background/objectives: Blast-induced traumatic ocular injuries (bTOI) pose a significant risk to military and civilian populations, often leading to visual impairment or blindness. Retina, the innermost layer of ocular tissue consisting of photoreceptor and glial cells, is highly susceptible to blast injuries. Despite its prevalence, the molecular mechanisms underlying retinal damage following bTOI remain poorly understood, hindering the development of targeted therapies.

Development of a SYBR Green-based RT-qPCR assay for the rapid detection of peste-des-petits-ruminants virus.

Peste-des-petits-ruminants (PPR) is primarily a disease of small ruminants caused by peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV; , ), formerly the small ruminant morbillivirus. PPRV can cause significant morbidity and mortality in small ruminants and a significant economic impact. Conventional reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR), and probe-based and SYBR Green-based RT quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), are employed for the molecular detection of PPRV.

Effect of a yoga and naturopathy-based lifestyle intervention with nine-month follow-up on heart rate variability in patients with hypertension: A randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: Hypertension is associated with autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation. Heart rate variability (HRV) monitoring is frequently used as a gauge of the ANS balance. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of yoga and naturopathy on the autonomic variables in patients with hypertension.

Prognostic triad: a novel method for decision-making for adjuvant treatment in stage I-II oral squamous cell carcinoma.

This study proposes a scoring system for adjuvant irradiation for stage I/II oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Derivation cohort (119 patients, operated between 2011 and 2014) and a validation cohort (204 patients, operated between 2016 and 2019) were included. In derivation cohort, on univariate analysis, tumor size >2 cm [3-year Disease Free Survival (DFS) 72.

Mycobacterial biofilms: Understanding the genetic factors playing significant role in pathogenesis, resistance and diagnosis.

Even though the genus Mycobacterium is a diverse group consisting of a majority of environmental bacteria known as non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), it also contains some of the deadliest pathogens (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) in history associated with chronic disease called tuberculosis (TB). Formation of biofilm is one of the unique strategies employed by mycobacteria to enhance their ability to survive in hostile conditions. Biofilm formation by Mycobacterium species is an emerging area of research with significant implications for understanding its pathogenesis and treatment of related infections, specifically TB.

A Rare Case of Acute Pancreatitis as an Initial Presentation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Acute pancreatitis is a rare manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia which can be a presentation at the initial diagnosis or during or after the onset of the disease. Acute myeloid leukemia occurs due to the abnormal proliferation of undifferentiated hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow which alter the normal hematopoiesis. We report the case of a 32-year-old male admitted with a one-month history of fever and backache, followed by 15 days of blackish stool discoloration and two days of abdominal pain and reduced urine output.

Uracil as a biomarker for spatial pyrimidine metabolism in the development of gingivobuccal oral squamous cell carcinoma.

No biomarker has yet been identified that allows accurate diagnosis and prognosis of oral cancers. In this study, we investigated the presence of key metabolites in oral cancer using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to identify metabolic biomarkers of gingivobuccal oral squamous cell carcinoma (GB-OSCC). NMR spectroscopy revealed that uracil was expressed in 83.

Challenges in the Assessment of Medullary Bone Invasion in Oral Cavity Cancers and Its Prognostic Significance.

Background: As per AJCC 8th edition TNM staging system, bone invasion is a poor prognostic marker that upstages oral cavity squamous carcinoma (OSCC) to pT4a. Cortical erosion alone of bone or tooth socket by a gingival primary is not sufficient to upstage a tumour. The differentiation of cortical erosion from invasion through the cortical bone into the medulla is often challenging, limiting accurate staging.

Machine learning algorithm for ventilator mode selection, pressure and volume control.

Mechanical ventilation techniques are vital for preserving individuals with a serious condition lives in the prolonged hospitalization unit. Nevertheless, an imbalance amid the hospitalized people demands and the respiratory structure could cause to inconsistencies in the patient's inhalation. To tackle this problem, this study presents an Iterative Learning PID Controller (ILC-PID), a unique current cycle feedback type controller that helps in gaining the correct pressure and volume.

Identifying the Transients and Transformation Products in Hydroxyl Radical-Methimazole Reactions Using DFT and UPLC-Q-TOF MS/MS Approaches.

Oxidative reactions of the hydroxyl radical (·OH) with methimazole (MMI), an antithyroid drug, are crucial for understanding its fate in oxidizing environments. By synergistically integrating density functional theory and ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF MS/MS) techniques, we elucidated the transients and transformation products (TPs) arising from the ·OH-MMI reactions. We probed two hydrogen-atom abstraction (HA) reactions, three radical adduct formation reactions, and single electron transfer (SET) at the M06-2/6-311++G(d,p)/SMD(water) level.