Effects of Ivy () Leaf Extract on Growth, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Hematological Parameters, Innate Immunity, and the Expression of Immune-Related Genes in Rainbow Trout ().

Herbal bioactive compounds are effective in enhancing the antioxidant and immune status of fish, as they effectively neutralize oxidative stress. The present study examined the effectiveness of Ivy () leaf extract (ILE) on growth performance, immune responses, antioxidant parameters, and the expression of immune-related genes in rainbow trout (). Four test diets were prepared as follows: a control diet at 0 mg of ILE (ILE0) and diets of 100 mg (ILE100), 150 mg (ILE150), and 200 mg (ILE200) of ILE/kg.

High sensitivity to ocean acidification in wild out-migrating juvenile Pacific salmon is not impacted by feeding success.

Salmon populations are declining worldwide, with high mortality rates during juvenile marine migration presenting a bottleneck to recruitment. The ocean conditions along the main migratory route of juvenile salmon in British Columbia are characterized by high variability in CO, with the amplitude, duration, and frequency of ocean acidification events exacerbated by climate change. Similarly, the variability in ocean conditions affects the abundance and diversity of plankton prey, leading to areas of food paucity for juvenile salmon.

Dietary Supplementation of Ethanolic Lemon Peel () Extract Enhances Growth Performance and Immune-Antioxidant Responses in Pacific White Shrimp ().

Citrus () by-products, particularly lemon peel, are rich in bioactive compounds with known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study evaluated the effects of lemon peel extract (LPE) supplementation on growth performance, immune responses, and antioxidant activity in Pacific white shrimp (). Over a 60-day period, shrimp were fed four diets: a control diet (0%) and three diets with varying levels of LPE (0.

Transcription of genes involved in bleaching of a coral reef species Acropora downingi (Wallace, 1999) in response to high temperature.

Anthropogenic-induced global warming poses a significant threat to coral reef ecosystems worldwide. However, certain species within the Persian Gulf exhibit remarkable resilience to elevated temperatures compared to their counterparts in other reef systems. To understand the thermal tolerance in Persian Gulf corals and their molecular responses to extreme warm temperatures, Acropora downingi specimens collected from Larak Island were subjected to a heat shock of 34 ± 1 °C.

Developing molecular classifiers to detect environmental stressors, smolt stages and morbidity in coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch.

Aquatic species are increasingly confronted with environmental stressors because of climate change. Although molecular technologies have advanced our understanding of how organisms respond to stressors in laboratory settings, the ability to detect physiological responses to specific stressors under complex field conditions remains underdeveloped. This research applied multi-stressor challenge trials on coho salmon, employing the "Salmon Fit-Chips" genomic tool and a random forest-based classification model to develop classifiers predictive for chronic thermal and hypoxic stress, as well as salinity acclimation, smolt stage and morbidity status.

Efficacy and safety of bamlanivimab in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have shown clinical benefits against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several studies have reported the use of bamlanivimab as a promising treatment option for COVID-19.

Aim: To synthesize the latest evidence for the efficacy and safety of bamlanivimab alone in the treatment of adult patients with COVID-19.

Comparative efficacy and safety of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and molnupiravir for COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) with molnupiravir in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To end this, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, medRxiv, and Google Scholar were systematically searched to collect relevant evidence up to February 15, 2023. The risk of bias was evaluated using the risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions tool.

Corrigendum: Effects of dietary nutmeg () seed meals on growth, non-specific immune indices, antioxidant status, gene expression analysis, and cold stress tolerance in zebrafish ().

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.

Site-specific gene knock-in and bacterial phytase gene expression in Cas9 RNP-mediated HDR.

In the present study, we applied the HDR (homology-directed DNA repair) CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knock-in system to accurately insert an optimized foreign bacterial phytase gene at a specific site of the nitrate reductase gene (exon 2) to achieve homologous recombination with the stability of the transgene and reduce insertion site effects or gene silencing. To this end, we successfully knocked-in the targeted NR gene of using the bacterial phytase gene cassette through direct delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system as the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex consisting of Cas9 protein and the specific single guide RNAs (sgRNAs). The insertion site editing was confirmed by PCR and sequencing of the transgene positive clones.

Effects of dietary nutmeg () seed meals on growth, non-specific immune indices, antioxidant status, gene expression analysis, and cold stress tolerance in zebrafish ().

Introduction: A medicinal plant, seed meal (nutmeg), was utilized to evaluate its impact on the growth, immunity, and antioxidant defense of zebrafish ().

Methods: In this regard, zebrafish (0.47 ± 0.

Sex and reproductive development impact skin mucosal epithelium immunity, antimicrobial capacity, and up-regulation of immune-related gene of goldfish (Carassius auratus).

This study evaluated the epidermis mucosal capacity of goldfish (Carassius auratus) during different stages of reproductive development in both females and males. In this regard, the activity of mucolytic immune enzymes, i.e.

Seasonal variations in the skin epidermal structure and mucosal immune parameters of rainbow trout skin (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at different stages of farming.

The aim of this study was to investigate the seasonal changes in the epidermal structure and the innate immunity parameters of skin mucus in rainbow trout. The skin epidermis and mucus samples were collected over three consecutive seasons including winter, spring and late summer from three different weight groups i.e.

Artesunate, imatinib, and infliximab in COVID-19: A rapid review and meta-analysis of current evidence.

Background And Objective: Despite the pervasive vaccination program against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), fully vaccinated people are still being infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, making an effective and safe therapeutic intervention a crucial need for the patients' survival. The purpose of the present study is to seek available evidence for the efficacy and safety of three promising medications artesunate, imatinib, and infliximab against COVID-19.

Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, medRxive, and Google Scholar up to January 2022.

Endangered Cultus Lake sockeye salmon exhibit genomic evidence of hypoxic and thermal stresses while rearing in degrading freshwater lacustrine critical habitat.

Water quality degradation due to lake eutrophication and climate change contributes to the risk of extirpation for the endangered Cultus Lake sockeye salmon. Sockeye salmon juveniles experience both low-oxygen water in profundal lake habitats and elevated temperatures above the thermocline during diel vertical migrations in summer and fall when the lake is thermally stratified. We used a transcriptomic tool (Salmon Fit-Chip) to determine whether salmon were experiencing thermal and/or hypoxic stress during this period.

Microplastic ingestion in important commercial fish in the southern Caspian Sea.

The ubiquitous distribution of microplastics (MPs) across marine habitats has led to an increased investigation of their potential impacts on the marine food chain and consequent human exposure. The two fish species Chelon aurata and Rutilus kutum that account for over 50% of the total catch in the Caspian Sea were assessed relative to the presence of MPs in their digestive system. Samples were collected from 6 stations in the southern Caspian Sea from February to March 2017.

Identification of Hypoxia-Specific Biomarkers in Salmonids Using RNA-Sequencing and Validation Using High-Throughput qPCR.

Identifying early gene expression responses to hypoxia (, low dissolved oxygen) as a tool to assess the degree of exposure to this stressor is crucial for salmonids, because they are increasingly exposed to hypoxic stress due to anthropogenic habitat change, , global warming, excessive nutrient loading, and persistent algal blooms. Our goal was to discover and validate gill gene expression biomarkers specific to the hypoxia response in salmonids across multi-stressor conditions. Gill tissue was collected from 24 freshwater juvenile Chinook salmon (), held in normoxia [dissolved oxygen (DO) > 8 mg L] and hypoxia (DO = 4‒5 mg L) in 10 and 18° temperatures for up to six days.

Morphological identification and molecular validation of anchovies (Engraulidae) in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea.

Validation of species using independent lines of evidence is sometimes desirable when their identification using only one approach is difficult or questionable. The identification of anchovies (Engraulidae) are often challenging based on morphology because closely related species exhibit only slight morphological differentiation. This study utilized morphological characteristics and DNA barcodes for identification and validation of anchovies in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea.

Efficacy and Safety of Dulaglutide Compared to Liraglutide: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus has been always one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in the last decades. There exist a wide range of pharmacological agents for controlling this disease. However, these agents fare differently in terms of efficacy and safety.

Pregabalin and gabapentin in neuropathic pain management after spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury (SCI) has a significant negative impact on the patients' quality of life. The objective of this systematic review is to examine the safety and efficacy of pregabalin (PGB) and gabapentin (GBP) in the treatment of neuropathic pain due to SCI. PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, and the Web of Science were searched up to December 2018.

Seasonal changes of hydrolytic enzyme activities in the skin mucus of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss at different body sizes.

The innate immune factors in the skin mucus of fish are affected by the ecological and physiological conditions such as developmental stage and seasonal cycle. The aim of this study was to investigate the seasonal changes in soluble protein and the hydrolytic enzyme activities of the skin mucus of rainbow trout including lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and proteases at different body sizes. Skin mucus samples were collected over three consecutive season periods including winter, spring and late summer.

Salmonid gene expression biomarkers indicative of physiological responses to changes in salinity and temperature, but not dissolved oxygen.

An organism's ability to respond effectively to environmental change is critical to its survival. Yet, life stage and overall condition can dictate tolerance thresholds to heightened environmental stressors, such that stress may not be equally felt across individuals and at all times. Also, the transcriptional responses induced by environmental changes can reflect both generalized responses as well as others that are highly specific to the type of change being experienced.

Effect of dietary date seed meal as an alternative carbohydrate source on immune-related gene expression of Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei.

Current study aimed to examine the effect of dietary date seed meal (DSM) as an alternative carbohydrate ingredient on immune-related genes expression of Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). A total number of 750 shrimp (4.0 ± 0.

Developing specific molecular biomarkers for thermal stress in salmonids.

Background: Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) serve as good biological indicators of the breadth of climate warming effects on fish because their anadromous life cycle exposes them to environmental challenges in both marine and freshwater environments. Our study sought to mine the extensive functional genomic studies in fishes to identify robust thermally-responsive biomarkers that could monitor molecular physiological signatures of chronic thermal stress in fish using non-lethal sampling of gill tissue.

Effectiveness of trastuzumab as adjuvant therapy in patients with early stage breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy has long been established as a standard treatment for HER2-positive patients in early stage breast cancer (BC). The present study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of trastuzumab adjuvant therapy in early stage BC in overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of trastuzumab adjuvant therapy.