Measuring "Intent Satisfied": Toward a Person-Centered Metric of Contraceptive Use.

In the 30 years since the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development, there is no clear consensus on how to best measure population-level contraceptive use and family planning program impact. Widely used metrics have evolved relatively slowly, and some have run counter to a rights-based and person-centered approach that emphasizes individuals' self-identified contraceptive preferences. In this report, we describe the utilization of an understudied family planning measure-women's expressed intent to use (ITU) contraceptives within the next year-and explore its implications for population-level standardized comparisons and family planning programs using the Performance Monitoring for Action program data in 10 low- and middle-income geographies.

Bridging PrEP access gaps: Mapping geospatial accessibility across the United States and leveraging community pharmacies for expansion.

Background: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is key to ending the US HIV epidemic, but uptake remains low. Federal legislation permitting community pharmacists to initiate PrEP nationwide could expand access to PrEP services.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate census tract-level geospatial access to PrEP facilities and community pharmacies across the US and characterize geographic areas and populations where community pharmacies could help bridge the gap in care.

Developing pre-licensure interprofessional and stroke care competencies through skills-based simulations.

Interprofessional collaboration (IPC) in stroke care is accepted as best practice and necessary given the multi-system challenges and array of professionals involved. Our two-part stroke team simulations offer an intentional interprofessional educational experience (IPE) embedded in pre-licensure occupational therapy, physical therapy, pharmacy, medicine, nursing and speech-language pathology curricula. This six-year mixed method program evaluation aimed to determine if simulation delivery differences necessitated by COVID-19 impacted students' IPC perception, ratings, and reported learning.

Cardiometabolic and renal phenotypes and transitions in the United States population.

Cardiovascular and renal conditions have both shared and distinct determinants. In this study, we applied unsupervised clustering to multiple rounds of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 2018, and identified 10 cardiometabolic and renal phenotypes. These included a 'low risk' phenotype; two groups with average risk factor levels but different heights; one group with low body-mass index and high levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; five phenotypes with high levels of one or two related risk factors ('high heart rate', 'high cholesterol', 'high blood pressure', 'severe obesity' and 'severe hyperglycemia'); and one phenotype with low diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

Distance to Health Centers and Effectiveness of Azithromycin Mass Administration for Children in Niger: A Secondary Analysis of the MORDOR Cluster Randomized Trial.

Importance: The MORDOR (Macrolides Oraux pour Réduire les Décès avec un Oeil sur la Résistance) trial demonstrated that mass azithromycin administration reduced mortality by 18% among children aged 1 to 59 months in Niger. The identification of high-risk subgroups to target with this intervention could reduce the risk of antimicrobial resistance.

Objective: To evaluate whether distance to the nearest primary health center modifies the effect of azithromycin administration to children aged 1 to 59 months on child mortality.

Recalibration Methods for Improved Clinical Utility of Risk Scores.

Background: An established risk model may demonstrate miscalibration, meaning predicted risks do not accurately capture event rates. In some instances, investigators can identify and address the cause of miscalibration. In other circumstances, it may be appropriate to recalibrate the risk model.

Global, regional, and national estimates and trends in stillbirths from 2000 to 2019: a systematic assessment.

Background: Stillbirths are a major public health issue and a sensitive marker of the quality of care around pregnancy and birth. The UN Global Strategy for Women's, Children's and Adolescents' Health (2016-30) and the Every Newborn Action Plan (led by UNICEF and WHO) call for an end to preventable stillbirths. A first step to prevent stillbirths is obtaining standardised measurement of stillbirth rates across countries.

DBU Catalysis: An Efficient Synthetic Strategy for 5,7-disubstituted-1,2,4- triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines.

Aims And Objectives: An efficient and facile DBU catalysed synthesis of highly significant motif 5,7-disubstituted-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines under solvent-free condition has been reported.

Materials And Methods: To a round bottom flask, 1.0 mmol of chalcone (1), 1.

Accounting for Informative Sampling in Estimation of Associations between Sexually Transmitted Infections and Hormonal Contraceptive Methods.

The relationship between hormonal contraceptive method use and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is not well understood. Studies that implement routine screening for STIs among different contraceptive users, such as the ASPIRE HIV-1 prevention trial, can be useful for identifying potential risk factors of STIs. However, the complex nature of non-random data can lead to challenges in estimation of associations for potential risk factors.

Acquisition of Sexually Transmitted Infections among Women Using a Variety of Contraceptive Options: A prospective Study among High-risk African Women.

Introduction: In many African settings, women concurrently face substantial risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancies. Few studies have evaluated STI risk among users of hormonal implants and copper intrauterine devices (IUDs) although these long-acting reversible contraceptive methods are being promoted widely because of their benefits. Within a prospective study of women at risk for HIV-1, we compared the risk of acquisition of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Trichomonas vaginalis among women using different contraceptive methods.

Silver-Doped TiO -Coated Cotton Fabric as an Effective Photocatalytic System for Dye Decolorization in UV and Visible Light.

In this study, titanium tetra-isopropoxide was used as a precursor of TiO for in situ coating on cotton fabric by sol-gel method. Subsequently, silver nitrate was used as doping agent to prepare silver-doped TiO -coated cotton fabric during hydrothermal treatment. The treated samples were characterized through field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy to study morphology, composition of deposited elements and light absorption behavior of treated samples.

Development of Cotton Fabrics with Durable UV Protective and Self-cleaning Property by Deposition of Low TiO Levels through Sol-gel Process.

In this article, the deposition of TiO on cotton fabric using sol-gel technique has been described. Various process routes (pad-dry-cure, pad-dry-hydrothermal and pad-dry-solvothermal) were examined to impart a stable coating of TiO on fabric. The role of precursor concentration, process temperature and time of treatment were studied to aim at a wash durable, UV protective and self-cleaning property in the treated fabric.

Age-Disparate Partnerships and Risk of HIV-1 Acquisition Among South African Women Participating in the VOICE Trial.

A recent analysis from South Africa reported no association between age-disparate relationships and HIV-1 acquisition. We assessed the association between male partner age and HIV-1 acquisition among South African women participating in the VOICE trial. Of 4077 women enrolled, 3789 had complete data; 26% and 5% reported having a partner >5 and >10 years older at enrollment, respectively.