Relationship of visfatin with obesity and osteoporosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a narrative review.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an increasingly prevalent condition in developed countries. Alongside the growing number of patients, there is a rising incidence of disease-related complications, including osteoporosis. While well-established risk factors for low bone mineral density in IBD-such as low body mass or steroid therapy-are widely recognized, other contributing factors warrant further investigation.

The role of leptin and ghrelin in the regulation of appetite in obesity.

Leptin and ghrelin are two key hormones that play opposing roles in the regulation of appetite and energy balance. Ghrelin stimulates appetite and food intake following binding to receptors and the subsequent activation of orexigenic neurons in the arcuate nucleus. Leptin, conversely, has been demonstrated to suppress appetite and reduce food intake.

Is There Any Association Between Fat Body Mass and Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis?

: The study aimed to investigate the association between fat body mass and bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine (L1-L4), femoral neck, and total body. : We studied 95 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 68 with ulcerative colitis (UC), and 40 healthy adults (control group-CG) aged 18-50 years old. The BMD of lumbar spine and femoral neck was assessed as well as body composition.

From an understanding of etiopathogenesis to novel therapies-what is new in the treatment of celiac disease?

Celiac disease, a chronic autoimmune disorder caused by genetic factors and exposure to gluten, is increasingly being recognized and diagnosed in both children and adults. Scientists have been searching for a cure for this disease for many years, but despite the impressive development of knowledge in this field, a gluten-free diet remains the only recommended therapy for all patients. At the same time, the increasing diagnosis of celiac disease in adults, which was considered a childhood disease in the 20th century, has opened a discussion on the etiopathology of the disease, which is proven to be very complex and involves genetic, immunological, nutritional, environmental and gut microbiota-related factors.

Impact of Folate Intake on Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: Decreased bone mineral density (BMD) is a common problem among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We hypothesised that an insufficient intake of folate might affect BMD.

Methods: The study subjects included 26 with Crohn's disease-CD, 30 with ulcerative colitis-UC, and 31 healthy adults (control group-CG) aged 18-50 years.

Genetic, Immunological, Dietary, Gut Microbiota, and Environmental Determinants of Osteoporosis in the Course of Celiac Disease: Which Factor Plays the First Violin in This Orchestra?

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic small intestinal immune-mediated enteropathy precipitated by exposure to dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. The worldwide prevalence of CD is estimated to be 0.7-1.

Are variants of the RBP4 gene associated with serum retinol-binding protein 4 concentrations and carotid intima-media thickness values in women with obesity?

Introduction: Several studies showed the correlation of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) with increased cardiovascular risk - including higher values of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) - particularly in individuals with obesity.

Objectives: Our study aimed to investigate the impact of rs10882273; rs3758538; rs3758539, and rs7094671 RBP4 gene variants on RBP4 serum concentrations as well as cIMT values (a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis) among female patients with obesity.

Patients And Methods: We recruited 74 women with obesity and 24 women without obesity as a study and control group, respectively.

Physical activity, quality of diet and bone mineral density in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: The aim of this study was to find an association between moderate, vigorous and total physical activity (PA); diet quality; and bone mineral density (BMD) among patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: We enrolled 54 IBD patients, including those with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), and 24 healthy adults. All subjects completed the Questionnaire of Eating Behaviour based on which prohealthy and nonhealthy diet indexes were calculated, and the questionnaire included questions from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire.

Why Does Obesity as an Inflammatory Condition Predispose to Colorectal Cancer?

Obesity is a complex and multifactorial problem of global importance. Additionally, obesity causes chronic inflammation, upregulates cell growth, disturbs the immune system, and causes genomic instability, increasing the risk of carcinogenesis. Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers, and it has become a global problem.

Why are western diet and western lifestyle pro-inflammatory risk factors of celiac disease?

The prevalence of celiac disease increased in recent years. In addition to the genetic and immunological factors, it appears that environmental determinants are also involved in the pathophysiology of celiac disease. Gastrointestinal infections impact the development of celiac disease.

Does the gene polymorphism influence the efficacy of denosumab therapy in postmenopausal osteoporosis?

Introduction: One of the challenges of personalized medicine is a departure from traditional pharmacology toward individualized, genotype-based therapies. Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a prevalent condition requiring intensive treatment, whose effects are measurable only after a long time, and the goal is bone fracture prevention. This study aimed to determine the influence of gene variation on anti-osteoporotic one-year treatment with denosumab in 63 Polish women with postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Accumulation of Advanced Glycation End-Products in the Body and Dietary Habits.

The formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGE) in tissues is a physiological process; however, excessive production and storage are pathological and lead to inflammation. A sedentary lifestyle, hypercaloric and high-fructose diet and increased intake of processed food elements contribute to excessive production of compounds, which are created in the non-enzymatic multi-stage glycation process. The AGE's sources can be endogenous and exogenous, mainly due to processing food at high temperatures and low moisture, including grilling, roasting, and frying.

Treatment of Diabetes and Osteoporosis-A Reciprocal Risk?

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic and systematic disorder that requires individualized therapy. The disease leads to various consequences, resulting in the destruction of tissues and organs. The aforementioned outcomes also include bone mineral disorders, caused by medications as well as diet therapy and physical activity.

Where Do We Stand in the Behavioral Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease? The Western Dietary Pattern and Microbiota-A Narrative Review.

Despite the increasing knowledge with regard to IBD (inflammatory bowel disease), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), the etiology of these conditions is still not fully understood. Apart from immunological, environmental and nutritional factors, which have already been well documented, it is worthwhile to look at the possible impact of genetic factors, as well as the composition of the microbiota in patients suffering from IBD. New technologies in biochemistry allow to obtain information that can add to the current state of knowledge in IBD etiology.

Antioxidant effects of vitamin E and risk of cardiovascular disease in women with obesity - A narrative review.

Proper dietary habits are a vital element of cardiovascular (CV) treatment, and - according to the current guidelines - a diet rich in antioxidants is generally recommended. It remains, however, inconclusive whether antioxidant nutrients should be supplemented for CV health, and if so, in which form and dosage. Currently available data suggest that vitamin E may be essential in preventing CVD, especially in coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis - nevertheless, vitamin E supplementation may be questionable and may even be associated with adverse outcomes.

Does Folic Acid Protect Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease from Complications?

Folic acid, referred to as vitamin B9, is a water-soluble substance, which participates in the synthesis of nucleic acids, amino acids, and proteins. Similarly to B12 and B6, vitamin B9 is involved in the metabolism of homocysteine, which is associated with the gene. The human body is not able to synthesize folic acid; thus, it must be supplemented with diet.

Iron Deficiency Anemia in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases-A Narrative Review.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. IBD has been associated with numerous symptoms and complications, with the most common being iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Iron deficiency in IBD is caused by inadequate intake, malabsorption (including duodenal involvement and surgical removal), and chronic blood loss by mucosal ulcerations.

Liver Injury in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-A Narrative Review.

While respiratory symptoms are prevalent in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, growing evidence indicates that COVID-19 affects a wide variety of organs. Coronaviruses affect not only the respiratory system, but also the circulatory, nervous and digestive systems. The most common comorbidities in COVID-19 patients are hypertension, followed by diabetes, cardiovascular, and respiratory disease.

Immunogenetic, Molecular and Microbiotic Determinants of Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Clinical Practice-A New Perspective of an Old Disease.

Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, allergic disease associated with a T-lymphocyte response inducing esophageal eosinophilic infiltration in the esophagus. Inflammation and tissue fibrosis are responsible for the main clinical symptoms such as food impaction and dysphagia. The etiopathogenesis is multifactorial in which genetic and environmental factors coexist.

What Links an Increased Cardiovascular Risk and Inflammatory Bowel Disease? A Narrative Review.

Several studies have shown increased rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly in cases of early atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. IBD most frequently begins at an early age, patients usually present normal weight and remain under constant care of a physician, as well as of a nutritionist. Therefore, the classical risk factors of CVD are not reflected in the higher prevalence of CVD in the IBD population.

What Can We Change in Diet and Behaviour in Order to Decrease Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Patients with Obesity?

Atherosclerosis-considered the major cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)-is strongly associated with obesity, to which it strongly contributes. Moreover, atherosclerosis is characterised by a long asymptomatic phase, and its progression can lead to serious cardiovascular (CV) events. The carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) has been determined as a predictor of CV events, as well as a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, and has been used in clinical trials as an alternative assessment method or a surrogate endpoint.

Female Fertility and the Nutritional Approach: The Most Essential Aspects.

Infertility is an increasing problem that affects couples attempting pregnancy. A growing body of evidence points to a link between diet and female fertility. In fact, data show that a diet high in trans fats, refined carbohydrates, and added sugars can negatively affect fertility.

Associations of Lifestyle Factors with Osteopenia and Osteoporosis in Polish Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Reduced physical activity (PA), smoking, and coffee and alcohol drinking constitute risk factors of osteoporosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of the study was to measure the bone mineral density (BMD) and frequency of osteopenia and osteoporosis in patients with IBD and their correlation with PA, smoking, coffee, and alcohol. The study group consisted of 208 patients with IBD-103 with Crohn's disease (CD), 105 suffering from ulcerative colitis (UC).

Milk and Dairy Products: Good or Bad for Human Bone? Practical Dietary Recommendations for the Prevention and Management of Osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis affects women twice as often as men. Additionally, it is estimated that 0.3 million and 1.