Relationship of visfatin with obesity and osteoporosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a narrative review.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an increasingly prevalent condition in developed countries. Alongside the growing number of patients, there is a rising incidence of disease-related complications, including osteoporosis. While well-established risk factors for low bone mineral density in IBD-such as low body mass or steroid therapy-are widely recognized, other contributing factors warrant further investigation.

Is There Any Association Between Fat Body Mass and Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis?

: The study aimed to investigate the association between fat body mass and bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine (L1-L4), femoral neck, and total body. : We studied 95 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 68 with ulcerative colitis (UC), and 40 healthy adults (control group-CG) aged 18-50 years old. The BMD of lumbar spine and femoral neck was assessed as well as body composition.

Impact of Folate Intake on Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: Decreased bone mineral density (BMD) is a common problem among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We hypothesised that an insufficient intake of folate might affect BMD.

Methods: The study subjects included 26 with Crohn's disease-CD, 30 with ulcerative colitis-UC, and 31 healthy adults (control group-CG) aged 18-50 years.

Physical activity, quality of diet and bone mineral density in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: The aim of this study was to find an association between moderate, vigorous and total physical activity (PA); diet quality; and bone mineral density (BMD) among patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: We enrolled 54 IBD patients, including those with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), and 24 healthy adults. All subjects completed the Questionnaire of Eating Behaviour based on which prohealthy and nonhealthy diet indexes were calculated, and the questionnaire included questions from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire.

Why Does Obesity as an Inflammatory Condition Predispose to Colorectal Cancer?

Obesity is a complex and multifactorial problem of global importance. Additionally, obesity causes chronic inflammation, upregulates cell growth, disturbs the immune system, and causes genomic instability, increasing the risk of carcinogenesis. Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers, and it has become a global problem.

Why are western diet and western lifestyle pro-inflammatory risk factors of celiac disease?

The prevalence of celiac disease increased in recent years. In addition to the genetic and immunological factors, it appears that environmental determinants are also involved in the pathophysiology of celiac disease. Gastrointestinal infections impact the development of celiac disease.

Accumulation of Advanced Glycation End-Products in the Body and Dietary Habits.

The formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGE) in tissues is a physiological process; however, excessive production and storage are pathological and lead to inflammation. A sedentary lifestyle, hypercaloric and high-fructose diet and increased intake of processed food elements contribute to excessive production of compounds, which are created in the non-enzymatic multi-stage glycation process. The AGE's sources can be endogenous and exogenous, mainly due to processing food at high temperatures and low moisture, including grilling, roasting, and frying.

Treatment of Diabetes and Osteoporosis-A Reciprocal Risk?

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic and systematic disorder that requires individualized therapy. The disease leads to various consequences, resulting in the destruction of tissues and organs. The aforementioned outcomes also include bone mineral disorders, caused by medications as well as diet therapy and physical activity.

Associations between vitamin D, bone mineral density, and the course of inflammatory bowel disease in Polish patients.

Introduction: There are various factors contributing to the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including steroid therapy, malnutrition, and vitamin D deficiency.

Objectives: The study aimed to assess the vitamin D level among IBD patients and to investigate the relationship between vitamin D concentration and bone mineral density (BMD).

Patients And Methods: The study participants included 239 adult patients with IBD and a control group of 45 healthy adults.

Where Do We Stand in the Behavioral Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease? The Western Dietary Pattern and Microbiota-A Narrative Review.

Despite the increasing knowledge with regard to IBD (inflammatory bowel disease), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), the etiology of these conditions is still not fully understood. Apart from immunological, environmental and nutritional factors, which have already been well documented, it is worthwhile to look at the possible impact of genetic factors, as well as the composition of the microbiota in patients suffering from IBD. New technologies in biochemistry allow to obtain information that can add to the current state of knowledge in IBD etiology.

Does Folic Acid Protect Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease from Complications?

Folic acid, referred to as vitamin B9, is a water-soluble substance, which participates in the synthesis of nucleic acids, amino acids, and proteins. Similarly to B12 and B6, vitamin B9 is involved in the metabolism of homocysteine, which is associated with the gene. The human body is not able to synthesize folic acid; thus, it must be supplemented with diet.

Liver Injury in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-A Narrative Review.

While respiratory symptoms are prevalent in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, growing evidence indicates that COVID-19 affects a wide variety of organs. Coronaviruses affect not only the respiratory system, but also the circulatory, nervous and digestive systems. The most common comorbidities in COVID-19 patients are hypertension, followed by diabetes, cardiovascular, and respiratory disease.

Myostatin and Follistatin-New Kids on the Block in the Diagnosis of Sarcopenia in IBD and Possible Therapeutic Implications.

Sarcopenia, which is a decrease in muscle strength and quality of muscle tissue, is a common disorder among patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease. This particular group of patients often presents with malnutrition and shows low physical activity, which increases the risk of sarcopenia. Another important factor in the development of sarcopenia is an imbalanced ratio of myostatin and follistatin, which may stem from inflammation as well as genetic factors.

What Links an Increased Cardiovascular Risk and Inflammatory Bowel Disease? A Narrative Review.

Several studies have shown increased rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly in cases of early atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. IBD most frequently begins at an early age, patients usually present normal weight and remain under constant care of a physician, as well as of a nutritionist. Therefore, the classical risk factors of CVD are not reflected in the higher prevalence of CVD in the IBD population.

Associations of Lifestyle Factors with Osteopenia and Osteoporosis in Polish Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Reduced physical activity (PA), smoking, and coffee and alcohol drinking constitute risk factors of osteoporosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of the study was to measure the bone mineral density (BMD) and frequency of osteopenia and osteoporosis in patients with IBD and their correlation with PA, smoking, coffee, and alcohol. The study group consisted of 208 patients with IBD-103 with Crohn's disease (CD), 105 suffering from ulcerative colitis (UC).

Behavioral factors and the risk of viral infection: essential aspects during the COVID‑19 pandemic.

The current COVID-19 pandemic continues for over eleven months. Several nutritional and behavioural aspects have been associated with an increased inflammatory state, or oxidative stress, which could negatively affect the course of COVID-19. As research has shown, metabolic diseases, including obesity, or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), in which proper diet is especially important, increase the risk of the COVID-19 infection and can exacerbate its course.

Impact of Cigarette Smoking on the Risk of Osteoporosis in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Cigarette smoking constitutes one of the most important modifiable factors of osteoporosis, as well as contributes to an early death, tumors, and numerous chronic diseases. The group with an increased risk of a lower bone mineral density are patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases. In fact, tobacco smoke, which contains more than 7000 chemical compounds, affects bone mineral density (BMD) both directly and indirectly, as it has an impact on the RANK-RANKL-OPG pathway, intestinal microbiota composition, and calcium-phosphate balance.

Multidimensional Disadvantages of a Gluten-Free Diet in Celiac Disease: A Narrative Review.

A gluten-free diet is the mainstay method of treatment and the prevention of celiac disease complications. However, an inadequately balanced gluten-free diet can increase the risk of obesity, negatively affect glucose and lipid metabolism, and increase the risk of the metabolic syndrome. Therefore, an adequate nutritional counselling is necessary for patients diagnosed with celiac disease in order to prevent and treat the components of the metabolic syndrome.

Is There an Ideal Diet to Protect against Iodine Deficiency?

Iodine deficiency is a global issue and affects around 2 billion people worldwide, with pregnant women as a high-risk group. Iodine-deficiency prevention began in the 20th century and started with global salt iodination programmes, which aimed to improve the iodine intake status globally. Although it resulted in the effective eradication of the endemic goitre, it seems that salt iodination did not resolve all the issues.

A Vicious Cycle of Osteosarcopeniain Inflammatory Bowel Diseases-Aetiology, Clinical Implications and Therapeutic Perspectives.

Sarcopenia is a disorder characterized by a loss of muscle mass which leads to the reduction of muscle strength and a decrease in the quality and quantity of muscle. It was previously thought that sarcopenia was specific to ageing. However, sarcopenia may affect patients suffering from chronic diseases throughout their entire lives.

Does Drinking Coffee and Tea Affect Bone Metabolism in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases?

Patients suffering from Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are at higher risk of osteoporosis due to lower bone mineral density. Risk factors of osteoporosis are divided into unmodifiable, namely, age, gender, genetic factors, as well as modifiable, including diet, level of physical activity, and the use of stimulants. Coffee and tea contain numerous compounds affecting bone metabolism.

Vitamin D, Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) Gene Polymorphisms (ApaI and FokI), and Bone Mineral Density in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

In the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and osteoporosis, the connecting element is the involvement of environmental and genetic factors. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms may be associated with the pathogenesis of IBD and bone mineral density (BMD). The study aimed to analyze the relationship between ApaI and FokI polymorphisms of the VDR gene, serum vitamin D concentration, and BMD in patients with IBD.

Vitamin C Deficiency and the Risk of Osteoporosis in Patients with an Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Recent research studies have shown that vitamin C (ascorbic acid) may affect bone mineral density and that a deficiency of ascorbic acid leads to the development of osteoporosis. Patients suffering from an inflammatory bowel disease are at a risk of low bone mineral density. It is vital to notice that patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis also are at risk of vitamin C deficiency which is due to factors such as reduced consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits, i.