A new epidemic wave of Bordetella pertussis in paediatric population: impact and role of co-infections in pertussis disease.

Background: In recent months, Bordetella pertussis has reappeared after maintaining a low rate for many years. Although pertussis is usually characterized by a favorable course, several factors can contribute to the severity of the disease, such as mixed respiratory infections. In this study, we evaluate B.

Helmet Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Acute Bronchiolitis Respiratory Failure in a Pediatric Ward: Is It a Replicable Experience?

(1) Background: Helmet Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (H-CPAP) has primarily been used in intensive care settings to treat moderate-to-severe bronchiolitis in infants. We aim to report on the feasibility of H-CPAP for selected infants with bronchiolitis in a pediatric ward. (2) Methods: A retrospective, observational, consecutive case series was studied of 26 patients who received H-CPAP on the pediatric ward from October 2022 to February 2023, including a description of patient outcomes and costs.

Presence and Significance of Multiple Respiratory Viral Infections in Children Admitted to a Tertiary Pediatric Hospital in Italy.

Viral co-infections are frequently observed among children, but whether specific viral interactions enhance or diminish the severity of respiratory disease is still controversial. This study aimed to investigate the type of viral mono- and co-infections by also evaluating viral correlations in 3525 respiratory samples from 3525 pediatric in/outpatients screened by the Allplex Respiratory Panel Assays and with a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-COronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test available. Overall, viral co-infections were detected in 37.

Respiratory syncytial virus: can we still believe that after pandemic bronchiolitis is not a critical issue for public health?

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection among infants and young children, resulting in annual epidemics worldwide. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, non-pharmacological interventions were applied, interfering with the circulation of most respiratory viruses, including RSV. The aim of this study is to analyze the RSV infection trend among hospitalized infants during the actual epidemic season (2022-2023) in comparison with the last pre-pandemic season (2018-2019), in order to outline whether significant differences emerge due to COVID-19 pandemia.

Bronchiolitis guidelines: what about the Italian situation in a primary care setting?

Acute viral bronchiolitis is the most common cause of hospitalization in children under 12 months of age. The variable clinical presentation and the potential for sudden deterioration of the clinical conditions require a close monitoring by healthcare professionals.In Italy, first access care for children is provided by primary care physicians (PCPs) who often must face to a heterogeneous disease presentation that, in some cases, make the management of patient with bronchiolitis challenging.

"Multidisciplinary management of post- infective osteoarthritis and secondary condylar resorption of temporomandibular joint: a case report in a 9 years-old female patient and a review of literature".

Background: Osteoarthritis and condylar resorption of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) has rarely been reported in children as consequence of otologic disease. We describe the management of a case in a 9-year-old female as long-term complication of an otomastoiditis and review the literature currently available on this topic.

Case Presentation: A nine-years-old female patient referred to Emergency Room of Bambino Gesù Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS (Rome,Italy) for an acute pain in the left preauricular area and reduced mandibular movements.

The Disappearance of Respiratory Viruses in Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Social distancing measures are used to reduce the spreading of COVID-19. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of local restrictions on the transmission of respiratory virus infections.

Methods: we retrospectively analyzed the nasopharyngeal samples of all patients (0-18 years old) admitted with respiratory symptoms in a large Italian tertiary hospital during the last three seasons from 2018 to 2021.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis in Infancy: The Acute Hospitalization Cost.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is among the leading causes of hospitalization in infants. Prophylaxis with palivizumab may reduce RSV infection, but its prescription is restricted to high-risk groups. The aim of the study is to retrospectively determine acute hospitalization costs of bronchiolitis.

Pertussis in early life: underdiagnosed, severe, and risky disease. A seven-year experience in a pediatric tertiary-care hospital.

Aim: Pertussis continues to be a common worldwide infection in pediatric and adult populations.We aimed to study epidemiological and clinical characteristics of infants and children admitted for pertussis to a tertiary-care hospital and to investigate the risk factors for pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission.

Materials And Methods: With a retrospective study, we analyzed all medical reports of patients admitted to Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital in Rome from January 2011 to December 2018 with a diagnosis of pertussis.

Sex differences in blood pro-oxidant status and platelet activation in children admitted with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: a pilot study.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of bronchiolitis in the pediatric population worldwide and an important cause of death in developing countries. It has been demonstrated that the balance between oxidant and antioxidant systems is disrupted in children with bronchiolitis and that oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of this disease. Platelets play an important role in antimicrobial host defenses and contribute to pulmonary vascular repair being either targets or source of reactive oxidizing species.

[Vaccination in childhood: how to protect the "unprotectable"?].

The failure of immunization coverage is the primary reason for the transmission and the spread of the diseases in young infants not eligible for vaccination because of age and in immunocompromised individuals. In both these categories measles, pertussis and varicella could be devastating. Pertussis, measles and varicella in the first year of life are responsible to the ED admission, the hospitalization and, exceptionally, the death.

Fatal varicella pneumonia in an unvaccinated child with Down Syndrome: a case report.

Background: Varicella is an acute infectious disease common during childhood. It has mostly an uncomplicated course in early childhood. Neverthless, it may result in severe complications, especially in particular age groups and clinical conditions.

Pertussis in infants: an underestimated disease.

Background: The clinical diagnosis of pertussis is not easy in early infancy since clinical manifestations can overlap with several different diseases. Many cases are often misclassified and underdiagnosed. We conducted a retrospective study on infants to assess how often physicians suspected pertussis and the actual frequency of Bordetella pertussis infections.

Hypertransaminasemia and hypophosphoremia in an adolescent with anorexia nervosa: an event to watch for.

Background: Anorexia Nervosa is a Psychiatric eating disorder of adolescence age with a high morbidity and mortality.

Case Presentation: We describe a common case of anorexia nervosa (AN) in a female adolescent complicated by less known conditions related to refeeding syndrome. At admission, the girl showed a mild hypercholesterolemia with progressive normalization of the values.

Linezolid therapy in a perinatal late-onset Staphylococcus aureus sepsis complicated by spondylodiscitis and endophthalmitis.

We report the case of a two-month-old immunocompetent girl affected by Staphylococcus aureus sepsis complicated with pneumonia and pleural effusion, spondylodiscitis and endophthalmitis treated with linezolid. She developed a S. aureus sepsis in the neonatal period antibiotically treated with clinical resolution.

Serum soluble ST2 as diagnostic marker of systemic inflammatory reactive syndrome of bacterial etiology in children.

Background: Accurate and timely diagnosis of community-acquired bacterial versus viral infections in children with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) remains challenging both for clinician and laboratory. In the quest of new biochemical markers to distinguish bacterial from viral infection, we have explored the possible role of the soluble secreted form of ST2 (sST2).

Methods: This explorative prospective cohort study included children with SIRS who were suspected of having community-acquired infections.

Cardiopulmonary response to exercise and cardiac assessment in patients with turner syndrome.

Turner syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal disorder; however, little is known about the exercise tolerance of patients with this syndrome. The aim of the present study was to measure the maximal aerobic capacity and cardiac function using cardiopulmonary exercise testing and lung function tests and to evaluate the cardiac parameters using echocardiography in patients with TS and control subjects. A total of 50 women with TS (mean age 21.