Corrigendum: QTL for induced resistance against leaf rust in barley.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.

Bacterial N-Acyl Homoserine Lactone Priming Enhances Leaf-Rust Resistance in Winter Wheat and Some Genomic Regions Are Associated with Priming Efficiency.

Leaf rust () is a common disease that causes significant yield losses in wheat. The most frequently used methods to control leaf rust are the application of fungicides and the cultivation of resistant genotypes. However, high genetic diversity and associated adaptability of pathogen populations hamper achieving durable resistance in wheat.

PEG treatment is unsuitable to study root related traits as it alters root anatomy in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).

Background: The frequency and severity of abiotic stress events, especially drought, are increasing due to climate change. The plant root is the most important organ for water uptake and the first to be affected by water limitation. It is therefore becoming increasingly important to include root traits in studies on drought stress tolerance.

Non-invasive assessment of cultivar and sex of L. by means of hyperspectral measurement.

L. is a versatile crop attracting increasing attention for food, fiber, and medical uses. As a dioecious species, males and females are visually indistinguishable during early growth.

QTL for induced resistance against leaf rust in barley.

Leaf rust caused by is one of the major diseases of barley ( L.) leading to yield losses up to 60%. Even though, resistance genes 1 to 28 are known, most of these are already overcome.

Association Mapping of Drought Tolerance Indices in Ethiopian Durum Wheat ( ssp. durum).

Ethiopia is a major producer of durum wheat in sub-Saharan Africa. However, its production is prone to drought stress as it is fully dependent on rain, which is erratic and unpredictable. This study aimed to detect marker-trait associations (MTAs) and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to indices.

The genetic diversity of Ethiopian barley genotypes in relation to their geographical origin.

Ethiopia is recognized as a center of diversity for barley, and its landraces are known for the distinct genetic features compared to other barley collections. The genetic diversity of Ethiopian barley likely results from the highly diverse topography, altitude, climate conditions, soil types, and farming systems. To get detailed information on the genetic diversity a panel of 260 accessions, comprising 239 landraces and 21 barley breeding lines, obtained from the Ethiopian biodiversity institute (EBI) and the national barley improvement program, respectively were studied for their genetic diversity using the 50k iSelect single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array.

Immunomodulatory Properties of Blackberry Anthocyanins in THP-1 Derived Macrophages.

An anthocyanin-rich diet is considered to protect against chronic inflammatory processes although the bioavailability of anthocyanins is regarded as rather low. Moreover, the immunomodulatory role of anthocyanins is not fully understood yet. In the present study, fractions of blackberry () juice were investigated in plasma-relevant concentrations with respect to their immunomodulatory properties in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged THP-1-derived macrophages.

The Jacalin-Related Lectin HvHorcH Is Involved in the Physiological Response of Barley Roots to Salt Stress.

Salt stress tolerance of crop plants is a trait with increasing value for future food production. In an attempt to identify proteins that participate in the salt stress response of barley, we have used a cDNA library from salt-stressed seedling roots of the relatively salt-stress-tolerant cv. Morex for the transfection of a salt-stress-sensitive yeast strain ( YSH818 mutant).

Antioxidant Effects of Elderberry Anthocyanins in Human Colon Carcinoma Cells: A Study on Structure-Activity Relationships.

Scope: Glycosylation is a way to increase structure-stability of anthocyanins, yet compromises their bioactivity. The study investigates the antioxidant activity of purified cyanidin (Cy)-based anthocyanins and respective degradation products in Caco-2 clone C2BBe1 aiming to identify structure-activity relationships.

Results And Methods: Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (Cy-3-glc) and cyanidin 3-O-sambubioside (Cy-3-sam) proved to be most potent regarding antioxidant properties and protection against hydrogen peroxide (H O )-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS)-levels measured with the dichloro-fluorescein (DCF) assay.

Function and Regulation of Chloroplast Peroxiredoxin IIE.

Peroxiredoxins (PRX) are thiol peroxidases that are highly conserved throughout all biological kingdoms. Increasing evidence suggests that their high reactivity toward peroxides has a function not only in antioxidant defense but in particular in redox regulation of the cell. Peroxiredoxin IIE (PRX-IIE) is one of three PRX types found in plastids and has previously been linked to pathogen defense and protection from protein nitration.

Genome-wide association study reveals the genetic complexity of fructan accumulation patterns in barley grain.

We profiled the grain oligosaccharide content of 154 two-row spring barley genotypes and quantified 27 compounds, mainly inulin- and neoseries-type fructans, showing differential abundance. Clustering revealed two profile groups where the 'high' set contained greater amounts of sugar monomers, sucrose, and overall fructans, but lower fructosylraffinose. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified a significant association for the variability of two fructan types: neoseries-DP7 and inulin-DP9, which showed increased strength when applying a novel compound ratio-GWAS approach.

Fructans Are Differentially Distributed in Root Tissues of Asparagus.

Inulin- and neoseries-type fructans [fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and fructopolysaccharides] accumulate in storage roots of asparagus ( L.), which continue to grow throughout the lifespan of this perennial plant. However, little is known about the storage of fructans at the spatial level in planta, and the degree of control by the plant is largely uncertain.

Overexpression of HvCslF6 in barley grain alters carbohydrate partitioning plus transfer tissue and endosperm development.

In cereal grain, sucrose is converted into storage carbohydrates: mainly starch, fructan, and mixed-linkage (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan (MLG). Previously, endosperm-specific overexpression of the HvCslF6 gene in hull-less barley was shown to result in high MLG and low starch content in mature grains. Morphological changes included inwardly elongated aleurone cells, irregular cell shapes of peripheral endosperm, and smaller starch granules of starchy endosperm.

Barley cysteine protease PAP14 plays a role in degradation of chloroplast proteins.

Chloroplast protein degradation is known to occur both inside chloroplasts and in the vacuole. Genes encoding cysteine proteases have been found to be highly expressed during leaf senescence. However, it remains unclear where they participate in chloroplast protein degradation.

Purple corn extract induces long-lasting reprogramming and M2 phenotypic switch of adipose tissue macrophages in obese mice.

Background: Obesity is a chronic and systemic inflammatory disorder and an important risk factor for the onset of several chronic syndromes. Adipose tissue (AT) plays a crucial role in the development of obesity, promoting the infiltration and accumulation of leukocytes in the tissue and sustaining adipocyte expansion. Anthocyanins exert a broad range of health benefits, but their effect in improving obesity-related inflammation in vivo has been poorly characterized.

Protein Composition and Baking Quality of Wheat Flour as Affected by Split Nitrogen Application.

Baking quality of wheat flour is determined by grain protein concentration (GPC) and its composition and is highly influenced by environmental factors such as nitrogen (N) fertilization management. This study investigated the effect of split N application on grain protein composition and baking quality of two winter wheat cultivars, Tobak and JB Asano, belonging to different baking quality classes. Bread loaf volumes in both cultivars were enhanced by split N application.

Colour bio-factories: Towards scale-up production of anthocyanins in plant cell cultures.

Anthocyanins are widely distributed, glycosylated, water-soluble plant pigments, which give many fruits and flowers their red, purple or blue colouration. Their beneficial effects in a dietary context have encouraged increasing use of anthocyanins as natural colourants in the food and cosmetic industries. However, the limited availability and diversity of anthocyanins commercially have initiated searches for alternative sources of these natural colourants.

Plasma membrane proteome analysis identifies a role of barley membrane steroid binding protein in root architecture response to salinity.

Although the physiological consequences of plant growth under saline conditions have been well described, understanding the core mechanisms conferring plant salt adaptation has only started. We target the root plasma membrane proteomes of two barley varieties, cvs. Steptoe and Morex, with contrasting salinity tolerance.

Nitrogen Deficiency Induced Alterations in the Root Proteome of a Pair of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties Contrasting for their Response to Low N.

Improving crop nitrogen use efficiency is important both from the economic and the environmental viewpoint. Here, the aim is to highlight differences between the proteomic response of the roots of two potato cultivars contrasting in their response to nitrogen (N) deficiency, in an effort to understand which proteins and metabolic pathways contribute to the tolerance of N deprivation. The two cultivars ''Topas'' (tolerant) and ''Lambada'' (sensitive) are grown under both an N sufficient and an N deficient regime, using an in vitro-based cultivation system.

Mini-Scale Isolation and Preparation of Plasma Membrane Proteins from Potato Roots for LC/MS Analysis.

Plasma membrane (PM) proteins are of special interest due to their function in exchanging material and information with the external environment as well as their role in cellular regulation. In quantitative proteomic studies PM proteins are underrepresented mostly because they constitute only small percent of all membrane proteins. Strong demand is placed on plasma membrane enrichment methods.

Down-regulation of the sucrose transporters HvSUT1 and HvSUT2 affects sucrose homeostasis along its delivery path in barley grains.

Sucrose transport and partitioning are crucial for seed filling. While many plasma-membrane-localised sucrose transporters (SUT1 family members) have been analysed in seeds, the functions of vacuolar SUT2 members are still obscure. In barley grains, expression of HvSUT1 and HvSUT2 overlap temporally and spatially, suggesting concerted functions to regulate sucrose homeostasis.

Metabolite profiling of red and blue potatoes revealed cultivar and tissue specific patterns for anthocyanins and other polyphenols.

Metabolite profiling of tuber flesh and peel for selected colored potato varieties revealed cultivar and tissue specific profiles of anthocyanins and other polyphenols with variations in composition and concentration. Starchy tubers of Solanum tuberosum are a staple crop and food in many countries. Among cultivated potato varieties a huge biodiversity exists, including an increasing number of red and purple colored cultivars.

Improved classification accuracy of powdery mildew infection levels of wine grapes by spatial-spectral analysis of hyperspectral images.

Background: Hyperspectral imaging is an emerging means of assessing plant vitality, stress parameters, nutrition status, and diseases. Extraction of target values from the high-dimensional datasets either relies on pixel-wise processing of the full spectral information, appropriate selection of individual bands, or calculation of spectral indices. Limitations of such approaches are reduced classification accuracy, reduced robustness due to spatial variation of the spectral information across the surface of the objects measured as well as a loss of information intrinsic to band selection and use of spectral indices.

Proteomic comparison of Chelidonium majus L. latex in different phases of plant development.

Chelidonium majus L. (Papaveraceae) latex is used in traditinonal folk medicine to treat papillae, warts, condylomas, which are visible effects of human papilloma virus (HPV) infections. The aim of this work was to provide new insights into the biology and medicinal use of C.