Detection of Apple Proliferation Disease Using Hyperspectral Imaging and Machine Learning Techniques.

Apple proliferation is among the most important diseases in European fruit production. Early and reliable detection enables farmers to respond appropriately and to prevent further spreading of the disease. Traditional phenotyping approaches by human observers consider multiple symptoms, but these are difficult to measure automatically in the field.

Non-invasive assessment of cultivar and sex of L. by means of hyperspectral measurement.

L. is a versatile crop attracting increasing attention for food, fiber, and medical uses. As a dioecious species, males and females are visually indistinguishable during early growth.