Infection Prophylaxis in Urological Diagnostic and Surgical Procedures - A narrative review and recommendations.

Objectives: In this review we will provide recommendations for surgical site infection (SSI) prophylaxis in urological diagnostic and surgical procedures.

Material And Methods: We performed a narrative review of the literature in PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, LILACS, Web of Science, and Cochrane Collaboration databases using the terms "infection," "surgery," "urology," and "antibiotic prophylaxis" Results: We suggest recommendations of prophylactic antibiotic in the follow procedures: prostate biopsy, Urethrocystoscopy, Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) for Urinary Stones, endoscopic ureterolithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolitothomy, Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) and Prostatic Enucleation, Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT), Intravesical Botulinum Toxin Injection, surgical correction of female stress incontinence, Surgical Correction of Pelvic Organ Prolapse, urological prosthesis implantation and Open, Laparoscopic, and Robotic Urologic Surgery Conclusions: Consideration in SSI prophylaxis and the prophylactic antibiotic regimens in several urological procedures are show in this paper and will be useful to urologic practice.

Urogenital Tuberculosis: A Narrative Review and recommendations for diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose: to review the more relevant aspects of urogenital tuberculosis (UGT) and make recommendations about the diagnosis and treatment.

Materials And Methods: a literature review was conducted in the Pubmed, Embase and Scielo databases in search of studies on UGT in the past 60 years. A narrative review was performed concerning six topics of UGT diagnosis and treatment.

Urogenital Tuberculosis and Delayed Diagnosis: A Qualitative Study.

Objectives: To identify the causes of delayed diagnosis of urogenital tuberculosis (UGT) through a qualitative study of patients with contracted bladder due to UGT.

Materials And Methods: Eight patients diagnosed with contracted bladder due to UGT were evaluated. Data were obtained using face-to-face in-depth interviews and supplemented with medical records analysis and personal medical files.

Ureteral obstruction may activate kidney latent tuberculosis. A qualitative study.

Objectives: To analyze the hypothesis that ureteral obstruction may activate kidney latent tuberculous though qualitative study of Urogenital Tuberculosis patients.

Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using semistructured interviews in eight patients with Urogenital Tuberculosis. The progression of the disease from the initial symptoms was characterized through the analysis of the clinical and radiological data.

Treating asthma in patients with enuresis: repercussions on urinary symptoms.

Background: Children presenting enuresis are more likely to be asthmatics. The association between enuresis and sleep-disordered breathing has already been demonstrated and several studies have shown at least partial improvement of two thirds or more of the cases of enuresis adenoidectomy. Studies have already described associations between enuresis and allergies but do not assess the repercussions of allergy treatment in enuretics.

Parasacral transcutaneous electrical neural stimulation versus urotherapy in primary monosymptomatic enuresis: A prospective randomized clinical trial.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical response of parasacral transcutaneous electrical neural stimulation (parasacral TENS) associated with urotherapy in children with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) compared to urotherapy alone.

Material And Methods: This prospective controlled clinical trial enrolled 72 children over 5 years of age with PMNE. Children were randomly divided into two groups, control group (CG), treated with urotherapy and scapular stimulation, and experimental group (EG), treated with urotherapy and parasacral TENS.

Enuresis and upper airway obstruction: BNP and ADH hormones behavior before and after airway surgery.

Introduction: Upper airway obstruction (UAO) is a common condition in all pediatric population, with a 27% prevalence. Primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) is a condition related to UAO in 8% to 47% of these children. The specific pathophysiological mechanism of this bond is not well understood.

Heart rate variability in men with lower urinary tract symptoms: a case-control study.

Purpose: Measurement of heart rate variability (HRV) allows evaluation of autonomic nervous system activity. Decreased HRV is associated with autonomic disbalance, poor health and higher mortality. Our objective is to evaluate the HRV in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) through a case-control study.

Evaluation of pedometer use in men with lower urinary tract symptoms: a randomized clinical trial.

Purpose: To assess the effect of a pedometer use in men aged between 50 and 59 years presenting lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).

Methods: A single-center, not blind clinical trial with two parallel groups and equal randomization was performed with 38 men aged 50-59 years with LUTS. All patients received guidance and encouragement to physical activity practice.

Quality of life in enuretic children.

Introduction: Nocturnal enuresis is a highly incident chronic disorder that generates countless problems to the child and their parents. Bed-wetting has significant negative impacts on self-esteem and the performance of children. The aim of the current study is to assess the quality of life of enuretic children, as well as its association to sex and age.

Psychological Intervention with Parents Improves Treatment Results and Reduces Punishment in Children with Enuresis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the impact of psychological intervention with parents of children with enuresis on treatment outcome.

Materials And Methods: A total of 66 children with enuresis were randomized into 2 groups. All children received urotherapy orientation and psychological counseling.

Correlation between pelvic floor strength and physical activity level in healthy men.

The male pelvic floor muscles comprise a pair of compound muscle layers referred to as the levator ani. Studies have shown that pelvic floor muscle strength is affected by physical activity. This study aimed to assess male pelvic floor muscle strength through manometry of the external anal sphincter and evaluation of its association with physical activity level, BMI, and rectal pressure in healthy men.

Point of care kidney ultrasonography and its role in the diagnosis of urinary obstruction: a case report.

Introduction: Ultrasonography (US) is a rapid, non-invasive and safe procedure that allows the nephrologist to obtain vital information to the bedside, as well as allows to guide the procedures for nephrology practice.

Case Report: Male patient, elderly with hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease presents with infraumbilical protrusion that the Point of Care US (POCUS), performed by the nephrologist, proved to be a large bladder with a diverticulum. In addition, the US enabled the nephrologist to diagnose bilateral hydronephrosis, preservation of the cortico-medullary differentiation and echotexture of the right kidney, post-voiding urinary retention, urinary catheter placement and functional and morphological monitoring of the urinary tract after surgical correction of the infravesical obstruction.

Smoking and its association with cryptorchidism in Down syndrome.

Introduction: Cryptorchidism is a common and prevalent condition in patients with Down syndrome. Environmental factors, such as smoking, can be associated with malformations during fetal development. The study of the prevalence of cryptorchidism and its association with parental tobacco use in Down syndrome can contribute to alert health care professionals, patients and family members regarding the prevention of the harms caused by cryptorchidism and its possible predisposing factors.

Prolonged toilet training in children with Down syndrome: a case-control study.

Objectives: Children with Down syndrome have delayed psychomotor development, which is a factor that influences the level of difficulty in toilet training. The current study aims to estimate the age toilet training starts and completes in children with DS compared to children with normal psychomotor development and to evaluate the method and type of toilet training most frequently used, as well as its association with lower urinary tract symptoms and functional constipation.

Methods: A case-control study was carried out from 2010 to 2015.

Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular mass index in children with hypospadias after hormonal stimulation with topical testosterone: A randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Testosterone is often used in the preoperative period of hypospadias surgery. Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of androgen receptors in cardiac myocytes that can modulate the phenotype. The use of supraphysiological doses of androgens can lead to toxicity on the heart muscle and, in some cases, to left ventricular hypertrophy.

Dynamic lumbopelvic stabilization for treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women: Controlled and randomized clinical trial.

Objectives: To compare the results of the dynamic lumbopelvic stabilization (DLS) exercises with exercises for the pelvic floor muscles (PFM) in women with stress urinary incontinence.

Methods: Randomized controlled clinical trial comparing 17 women submitted to the DLS with 16 women submitted to the exercises for the PFM. The evaluated outcomes were incontinence severity, quality of life (QoL), and impression of improvement in three moments.

Parasacral transcutaneous electrical neural stimulation (PTENS) once a week for the treatment of overactive bladder in children: A randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Overactive bladder (OAB) is the most prevalent voiding disorder in childhood, and its main manifestation is urinary urgency. In general, urotherapy and anticholinergics are the first choices of treatment. Parasacral Transcutaneous Electrical Neural Stimulation (PTENS) was introduced as an alternative for the treatment of detrusor overactivity in children, but treatment protocols described to date require several sessions per week or long-lasting sessions, making it difficult for the child to adhere to the treatment.

Urogenital Tuberculosis.

Urogenital tuberculosis is the second most frequent form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Starting with a pulmonary focus, 2 to 20% of patients develop urogenital tuberculosis through hematogenous spread to the kidneys, prostate, and epididymis; through the descending collecting system to the ureters, bladder, and urethra; and through the ejaculatory ducts to the genital organs. Urogenital tuberculosis occurs at all age ranges, but it is predominant in males in their fourth and fifth decades.