Mental health and sexual and reproductive health services for girls, young women and gender-diverse youth with intersectional identities: protocol for a realist review.

Introduction: Variations in mental health and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes of girls/women (cisgender and transgender) and gender-diverse (nonbinary, Two-Spirit, gender fluid, agender, queer, gender neutral) youth with intersectional identities exist and have largely been ignored in the literature. There is a lack of information on how these health services meet the health needs of girls/women and gender-diverse youth with intersectional identities and the quality of such services. The objective of this global realist review is to identify how, why, for whom, in what contexts and to what extent mental health and SRH services meet the health needs of girls/women (cisgender and transgender) and gender-diverse youth (10-25 years) with intersectional identities.

Exploring the perspectives of non-insured individuals utilizing emergency departments in Toronto: a qualitative study.

Objective: Non-insured individuals face unique challenges when accessing emergency department (ED) care in Canada. This qualitative study explores the firsthand experiences of non-insured patients within the ED to understand how we can improve the system of care.

Methods: This community-based research was conducted in collaboration with a community health center which has multiple service locations in Toronto, Ontario.

Development and implementation determinants of competency frameworks for mental health clinicians and service providers working with youth: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Despite high prevalence, access to mental healthcare for Canadian youth is limited, with less than 20% receiving adequate treatment. Marginalised and at-risk youth face particular challenges, including cultural misunderstandings, long wait times and negative care experiences. A competency framework for mental health clinicians working with youth can be a tool to increase the capacity of the health workforce to deliver culturally responsive care.

An Integrated Care Pathway for depression in adolescents: protocol for a Type 1 Hybrid Effectiveness-implementation, Non-randomized, Cluster Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Our group developed an Integrated Care Pathway to facilitate the delivery of evidence-based care for adolescents experiencing depression called CARIBOU-2 (Care for Adolescents who Receive Information 'Bout OUtcomes, 2 iteration). The core pathway components are assessment, psychoeducation, psychotherapy options, medication options, caregiver support, measurement-based care team reviews and graduation. We aim to test the clinical and implementation effectiveness of the CARIBOU-2 pathway relative to treatment-as-usual (TAU) in community mental health settings.

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Psychiatric Traits and Diagnoses within a Community-based Sample of Children and Youth: Disparités raciales/ethniques dans les traits et diagnostics psychiatriques au sein d'un échantillon communautaire d'enfants et de jeunes.

Objective: Racial/ethnic disparities in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders have been reported, but have not accounted for the prevalence of the traits that underlie these disorders. Examining rates of diagnoses in relation to traits may yield a clearer understanding of the degree to which racial/ethnic minority youth in Canada differ in their access to care. We sought to examine differences in self/parent-reported rates of diagnoses for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety disorders after adjusting for differences in trait levels between youth from three racial/ethnic groups: White, South Asian and East Asian.

Social and Structural Drivers of Health and Transition to Adult Care.

Context: Youth with chronic health conditions experience challenges during their transition to adult care. Those with marginalized identities likely experience further disparities in care as they navigate structural barriers throughout transition.

Objectives: This scoping review aims to identify the social and structural drivers of health (SSDOH) associated with outcomes for youth transitioning to adult care, particularly those who experience structural marginalization, including Black, Indigenous, and 2-spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or questioning, and others youth.

Talking 'Bout Better outcomes for Adolescent Depression: Youth and Caregiver Perspectives on an Integrated Care Pathway for Depression.

Background: Depression is a common condition among adolescents, with rates continuing to rise. A gap exists between evidence-based recommendations for the treatment of depression and clinical practice. Integrated Care Pathways (ICPs) can help address this gap, but to date no study has examined how young people and their caregivers experience ICPs and whether these pathways are an acceptable form of care.

Review: Impact of urgent youth outpatient mental health care on patient and health system outcomes - a scoping review.

Background: Young people often face barriers to psychiatric care and are increasingly seeking crisis services for mental health issues through the emergency department (ED). Urgent psychiatric care models provide youth in crisis with rapid access to time-limited mental health care on an outpatient basis. This scoping review aims to evaluate the impact of such urgent psychiatric services for youth aged 13-25 on patient and health system outcomes.

Exploring the perspectives of healthcare providers that care for non-insured individuals utilizing emergency departments in Toronto.

Background: Non-insured individuals have different healthcare needs from the general Canadian population and face unique barriers when accessing emergency department (ED) care. This qualitative study aims to better understand the system of emergency care for non-insured individuals from the perspective of healthcare providers.

Methods: The study uses a critical realist framework to explore structural factors that facilitate or impede access to care for non-insured individuals.

What's race got to do with it? A proposed framework to address racism's impacts on child and adolescent mental health in Canada.

This commentary responds to current events that have highlighted the ways that systemic racism affects a wide variety of health outcomes. We specifically discuss how systemic racism adversely affects the mental health of children and adolescents in a Canadian context and use a structural framework to demonstrate how race is embedded in various Canadian systems and thus affects child and adolescent mental health in both conscious and unconscious ways throughout the lifespan. Experiences of systemic racism affect the mental health of Canadian young people in multiple complex and intersecting ways including access to care, experience of mental health services, and outcomes of care.

Mental health of transitional aged youth in Nicaragua: Perceptions and experiences of educators.

Mental illnesses contribute to a large proportion of the disease burden in children and adolescents in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). There is limited research completed in LMICs about paediatric mental health, particularly related to youth. School is a place where many adolescents first seek mental health support.

Interventions for perinatal depression in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review.

Background: Perinatal depression has been associated with infant low birth weight and with multiple health indicators affecting childhood morbidity and mortality. The condition is twice as prevalent in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared to high-income countries but poorly studied.

Aim: To conduct a review of published literature on interventions for perinatal depression in LMICs.

The ethics and safety of medical student global health electives.

Objective: To explore and characterize the ethical and safety challenges of global health experiences as they affect medical students in order to better prepare trainees to face them.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 Canadian medical trainees who had participated in global health experiences during medical school. Convenience and snowball sampling were utilized.

Beliefs about attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and response to stereotypes: youth postings in Facebook groups.

Purpose: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood psychiatric disorder characterized by abnormal levels of hyperactivity and distractibility. However, very few studies have been conducted to examine how youth with ADHD view themselves in the context of their disorder. The aim of this project was to examine what youth think about having ADHD by collecting data in a naturalistic setting - a popular social networking site.

Improving psychostimulant adherence in children with ADHD.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric disorder of childhood, characterized by excessive inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Effective medication exists for the condition, yet suboptimal long-term effects persist for children with ADHD. Poor adherence is a common issue for individuals with chronic conditions, including children and those with psychiatric conditions, and ADHD is no exception.

Documenting adherence to psychostimulants in children with ADHD.

Objective: This study evaluates the validity, inter-rater reliability, and stability over 3 months of a semi-structured telephone interview measuring adherence to stimulant treatment, the Stimulant Adherence Measure, against the Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS).

Methods: Clinic-referred children (N=22, age 11.85 +/- 2.