Exploring Patient and Caregiver Perceptions of the Facilitators and Barriers to Patient Engagement in Research: A Participatory Qualitative Study.

Background: Patient engagement in research is the meaningful and active involvement of patient/caregiver partners (i.e., patients and their family/friends) in research priority-setting, conduct, and governance.

Targeting dormant tumor cells to prevent recurrent breast cancer: a randomized phase 2 trial.

Breast cancer recurrence may arise from dormant disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) that persist in bone marrow and other sites. Clinically, DTCs are independently associated with breast cancer recurrence and death. Preclinical studies in mouse models identified autophagy and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling as critical mechanisms of tumor dormancy and escape.

Associations between neighborhood socioeconomic status, readmission, and mortality for patients with cancer: A nationwide cohort study.

Background: Cancer presents a disproportionate burden, particularly among individuals from low socioeconomic status neighborhoods. Disparities in outcomes persist, influenced by limited access to healthcare services, cultural barriers, and neighborhood socioeconomic status. This nationwide study aimed to investigate the associations between neighborhood socioeconomic status and mortality/readmission among hospitalized Medicare-eligible patients with cancer.

"It's a Godsend": Parental experiences of genomic testing for paediatric inborn errors of immunity.

Genomic testing has become essential to diagnosing and managing paediatric inborn errors of immunity (IEI), necessitating the development of mainstream models of care to facilitate optimal delivery of testing. However, little is known about the experiences of families undergoing paediatric IEI genomic testing within mainstream settings and parental experiences with such conditions remain underexplored. Thus, this study aimed to describe the experiences of parents of children who underwent mainstreamed IEI genomic testing.

Neighbourhood deprivation and quality of comprehensive diabetes care: findings from a national retrospective cohort study of US Medicare Advantage enrollees.

Objective: This study aims to assess the association between neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation and outcomes reflecting comprehensive diabetes care (CDC).

Design: Retrospective cohort study SETTING: US Medicare Advantage (MA) data, 2015-2020.

Participants: National sample of MA enrollees with diabetes.

Telehealth and Online Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Treatments for High-Impact Chronic Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) skills training interventions are recommended first-line nonpharmacologic treatment for chronic pain, yet they are not widely accessible.

Objective: To examine effectiveness of remote, scalable CBT-based chronic pain (CBT-CP) treatments (telehealth and self-completed online) for individuals with high-impact chronic pain, compared with usual care.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This comparative effectiveness, 3-group, phase 3 randomized clinical trial enrolled 2331 eligible patients with high-impact chronic musculoskeletal pain from 4 geographically diverse health care systems in the US from January 2021 through February 2023.

Trends of Diabetes in Youth (TrenDY) during COVID-19 across the United States.

Context: The frequency and acuity at diagnosis of youth-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) was reported as higher in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, but it is unclear if these trends persist.

Objective: To describe trends in new cases of youth-onset diabetes comparing the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic with the 2 preceding years.

Design: Retrospective study.

Development of the Pediatric Weight Questionnaire (PWQ™) for Children and Adolescents with Obesity.

Introduction: Development of obesity management medications (OMMs) for use in children and adolescents calls for patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures to evaluate treatment efficacy. Existing weight-specific symptom and impact PROs are limited to age ≥ 11 years and may not fully capture treatment benefit of new OMMs.

Methods: A targeted literature review was conducted to identify obesity symptom and impact outcomes and weight-specific PROs relevant to children and adolescents 6-17 years of age.

Immune Subtyping Identifies Patients With Hormone Receptor-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer Who Respond to Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy (IO): Results From Five IO Arms of the I-SPY2 Trial.

Purpose: Neoadjuvant immunotherapy (IO) has become the standard of care for early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), but not yet for other subtypes. We previously developed a clinical-grade mRNA-based immune classifier (ImPrint) predicting response to IO that is now being used in I-SPY2.2 as part of the response predictive subtypes.

Health Expenditures Decline After Bariatric Surgery for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: Bariatric surgery lowers the risk of developing microvascular and macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes, but it is unclear whether it also lowers long-term health expenditures in this population.

Research Design And Methods: In a retrospective cohort study of 6,690 patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes who underwent bariatric surgery in 2012-2019 and 19,122 matched nonsurgical patients, we compared total, outpatient, inpatient, and medication expenditures 3 years presurgery and 5.5 years postsurgery, using generalized estimating equations.

A Phase II Randomized Study of Paclitaxel Alone or Combined with Pelareorep with or without Avelumab in Metastatic Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer: The BRACELET-01/PrE0113 Study.

Purpose: Pelareorep (Pel) is a type 3 oncolytic reovirus that upregulates PD-L1 expression. We determined the objective response rate (ORR) with paclitaxel (Pac), Pac + Pel, or Pac + Pel + avelumab (Ave).

Patients And Methods: Patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer who had progressed on at least one line of endocrine therapy with a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor and had not received chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer were eligible.

Trajectory of Post-Traumatic Stress During the First Year after Pediatric Traumatic Brain or Orthopedic Injury.

Up to 50% of children sustaining physical injury develop post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Most studies of PTSS have not included patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI); consequently, the influence of injury type and severity on the longitudinal course of PTSS is unclear. To address this gap, we completed a longitudinal prospective cohort study examining the trajectory of self-reported PTSS severity during the first year after TBI or orthopedic injury (OI).

Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation and 30-Day Outcomes After Admission for Common Gastrointestinal Conditions: A Large Nationwide Study.

Background And Aims: To study the associations of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage with 30-day mortality and readmission for common gastrointestinal conditions, adjusting for individual demographics, comorbidities, access to health-care resources, and treatment facility characteristics.

Methods: We analyzed a nationwide sample of United States Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized from 2017 to 2019 for common gastrointestinal diseases, grouped by diagnosis-related groups. We then estimated the association of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage, measured by the Area Deprivation Index, with 30-day mortality and readmission utilizing logistic regression models with restricted cubic splines.

Risk-guided cardioprotection with carvedilol in patients with breast cancer (CCT guide): a phase 1 randomized clinical trial.

Purpose: Breast cancer treatment results in increased cardiotoxicity risk; a risk-guided approach to cardioprotection has not been fully tested.

Methods: This single-center, randomized Phase I trial enrolled patients with Stage I-III breast cancer who planned to receive anthracycline and/or trastuzumab therapy. An internally validated cardiotoxicity risk score classified participants as low or elevated risk.

[F]FluorThanatrace PET imaging as a biomarker of response to PARP inhibitors in breast cancer.

Background: Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are approved for Breast Cancer gene (BRCA)-mutant HER2- breast cancer, and there is clinical interest in expanding indications to include homologous recombination deficient (HRD) breast cancers. Yet, response in these populations remains variable, suggesting clinical utility in developing a better biomarker to select patients for PARPi and predict response. Here, we evaluate a radiolabeled PARPi, [F]FluorThanatrace ([F]FTT), as a functional biomarker of PARPi response in breast cancer.

Cardiac Effects of Modern Breast Radiation Therapy in Patients Receiving Systemic Cancer Therapy.

Background: Radiation therapy (RT) improves breast cancer outcomes, but cardiac morbidity remains a concern.

Objectives: This study sought to evaluate changes in cardiac function after RT and the relationship between cardiac dose metrics and echocardiography-derived measures of function.

Methods: In a longitudinal cohort study of women with breast cancer, radiation cardiac dose metrics and core lab quantitated echocardiographic measures of cardiac function were evaluated.

Health Expenditures of Patients With Diabetes After Bariatric Surgery: Comparing Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Background: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) differ in their effects on body weight and risk for reoperation. However, it is unclear whether long-term health expenditures differ by procedure type in patients with diabetes.

Objective: To compare health expenditures 3 years before and 5.

Exploring the journey to genomic testing and genetic services: A qualitative study of parental perspectives of children with rare conditions.

Despite affecting a small portion of the population, rare conditions have a significant impact, collectively affecting around 300 million people worldwide. Historically, early diagnosis has been impeded by failure to recognize rare conditions and order/refer for appropriate genomic testing. The advancements in genome sequencing offer a more agnostic and accelerated approach to the identification and diagnosis of rare disorders, potentially improving health outcomes, reducing the impact of disability, and reducing financial and psychological burdens on families.

Defining key deprescribing measures from electronic health data: A multisite data harmonization project.

Background: Stopping or reducing risky or unneeded medications ("deprescribing") could improve older adults' health. Electronic health data can support observational and intervention studies of deprescribing, but there are no standardized measures for key variables, and healthcare systems have differing data types and availability. We developed definitions for chronic medication use and discontinuation based on electronic health data and applied them in a case study of benzodiazepines and Z-drugs in five diverse US healthcare systems.

The impact of socioeconomic factors on 90-day postoperative readmissions and cost in shoulder arthroplasty patients.

Background: Understanding the impact of Social Drivers of Health on shoulder arthroplasty is pivotal for the development of equitable value-based payment models that enhance the quality of patient care. This investigation aims to understand the influence of Area Deprivation Index (ADI) on hospital admissions, readmissions, and associated costs postshoulder arthroplasty.

Methods: We conducted an analysis using US Medicare claims data from 2019 to 2021, identifying patients who received shoulder arthroplasty in either an inpatient or outpatient setting using Current Procedural Terminology codes.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) cases by vaccination status in California.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare condition occurring after SARS-CoV-2 infection in children under 21 years of age. Children (5-17 years) with MIS-C meeting the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) case definition were reported via California's passive disease surveillance system. Incidence of MIS-C was compared in unvaccinated and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccinated children aged 12-17 and 5-11 years.

Performance of Ambulatory Electrocardiographic Data for Prediction of Stroke and Heart Failure Events.

Background: Despite clear associations between arrhythmia burden and cardiovascular risk, clinical risk scores that predict cardiovascular events do not incorporate individual-level arrhythmia characteristics from long-term continuous monitoring (LTCM).

Objectives: This study evaluated the performance of risk models that use data from LTCM and patient claims for prediction of heart failure (HF) and ischemic stroke.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed features extracted from up to 14 days of LTCM electrocardiogram (ECG) data linked to patient-level claims data for 320,974 Medicare beneficiaries who underwent ZioXT ambulatory monitoring.