Formulation and Evaluation of Capecitabine-Loaded Microsponges for Colon Targeting.

Introduction: Capecitabine (CAP) is a chemotherapeutic drug used via oral administration for the management of metastatic cancers of the breast and colon. CAP is a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil, which inhibits DNA synthesis and slows tumor growth. The objective of the current research was to develop colon-targeting CAP-loaded microsponges by using the quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion technique employing Hydroxypropyl Cellulose (HPC) and Ethyl Cellulose (EC) as constituent polymers at different ratios with varying stirring speeds (rpm).

Carbohydrate biopolymer-based nanocomposites as strategic modality in addressing brain cancer.

Nanocomposites are the emerging platforms for nanocarrier-based drug delivery due to their stable and scalable formulation characteristics. Generally, nanocomposites differ from conventional nanoparticulate materials due to their physico-chemical characteristics, targeting efficiency, distinctive design possibilities, environmental sustainability, etc. Further, carbohydrate biopolymer-based nanocomposites are now the recent buzz in nanocarrier-based drug delivery and hold a special position in designing/targeting nano-modalities against cancers.

Dextran-based vehicle for gene transfection: A lesson learned by nature.

Dextran-based vehicles have emerged as promising tools for nucleic acid transfection due to their biocompatibility, solubility, abundance, ease of modification, and cost-effectiveness. This review highlights the advantages of dextran over other viral and non-viral vectors, emphasizing its versatility in chemical modifications, including acetalation, oxidation, and carboxymethylation. These modifications enhance gene material stability, circulation time, transfection efficiency, lysosomal escape, and responsiveness to stimuli while enabling targeted delivery via ligand and peptide attachment.

Metformin and its Nanoformulations in Cancer Prevention and Therapy.

Currently, the resistance to antineoplastic drugs is an important critical challenge in managing several forms of cancers. An improved prognosis for cancer patients is often associated with increased cell death markers. The objective of the current review article was to discuss how metformin works at the molecular level to fight different types of cancer.

Floating-mucoadhesive tamarind gum-alginate‑calcium silicate composite beads for gastroretentive delivery of ofloxacin.

Recent years, the combined approach of floatation and mucoadhesion has been employed to improve the gastroretention with prolonged sustained release. In the current research, floating-mucoadhesive tamarind gum-alginate‑calcium silicate composite beads containing ofloxacin were prepared via ionic-gelation, which exhibited drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) of 66.22 ± 2.

Garlic Extract-Mediated SPIONs-Incorporated Nanohydrogel for Enhanced Wound Healing Potential.

Background: Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with a specific size range of 15-70 nm are usually considered nontoxic substances with superior antibacterial activity, making them strong candidates for wound dressing applications. Although SPIONs have significant antibacterial activity, their ability to treat infected wounds still needs to be explored.

Objective: The objective of the present study was to synthesize antibacterial SPIONs (G-SPIONs) using aqueous garlic extract as a bioreducing agent and evaluate the synthesized G-SPIONsincorporated nanohydrogel for wound healing potential.

Nanopores for DNA and biomolecule analysis: Diagnostic, genomic insights, applications in energy conversion and catalysis.

Recently, nanopores have emerged as highly significant structures with broad applications in diverse scientific and technological fields. They can naturally occur in biological membranes or be artificially fabricated using advanced techniques. Recent advances in nanopore technology have revolutionized genomics by offering previously unheard-of capacities for deoxyribo nucleic acid (DNA) sequencing and analysis.

From nature to nanotech: Harnessing the power of electrospun polysaccharide-based nanofibers as sustainable packaging.

Today, the applications of natural polysaccharide-based nanofibers are growing in drug delivery and food industries. They also showed their capability as packaging due to biodegradability, mechanical strength, barrier properties, thermal stability, antioxidant, and antimicrobial features. Natural polysaccharides come from different sources, such as plants, microbes, and animals.

Gellan gum-based in-situ gel formulations for ocular drug delivery: A practical approach.

Ophthalmic disorders significantly impact global health, affecting millions worldwide. Conventional treatments often face challenges related to poor bioavailability and short residence times on the ocular surface. In recent years, in-situ gels prepared using different natural gums including gellan gum has been investigated as a viable means of improving ocular medication delivery.

Fluconazole-loaded Hyaluronic Acid-modified Transfersomal Hydrogels Containing D-panthenol for Ocular Delivery in Fungal Keratitis Management.

Background: Fungal keratitis (mycotic keratitis) is an eye infection in which the cornea is infected by fungi and such fungal keratitis management can be effectively possible by ocular administration of antifungal drugs.

Objective: The main objectives of the present research were to develop and evaluate fluconazoleloaded transfersomal hydrogels for ocular delivery in the effective management of fungal keratitis.

Methods: A 23 factorial design-based approach was used for statistical optimization, where (A) the ratio of lipid to edge activators, (B) the amount of hyaluronic acid (% HA), and (C) the ratio of edge activators (sodium deoxycholate to Span 80) were taken as three factors.

Nanostructured Lipid Carrier-based Topical Gels as Novel Drug Delivery System: A Comprehensive Overview.

Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are lipidic nanocarriers that recover the permanency and capacity of drug payloads. NLCs are well-known as second-generation lipid nanocarriers with an unstructured matrix, presenting potentially advantageous nanocarrier systems with marketable opportunities because of reproducible production methodologies and biocompatible lipidic excipients. These (NLCs) are now recognized as a very promising nanocarrier structure for the efficient delivery of drugs via different administration routes.

Amlodipine Ocular Delivery Restores Ferning Patterns and Reduces Intensity of Glycosylated Peak of Carrageenan-Induced Tear Fluid: An Flexible Docking with IL-β1.

Background: The tear ferning test can be an easy clinical procedure for the evaluation and characterization of the ocular tear film.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the restoration of tear ferning patterns and reduction of glycosylation peak after amlodipine application in carrageenan-induced conjunctivitis.

Methods: At the rabbit's upper palpebral region, carrageenan was injected for cytokine-mediated conjunctivitis.

The Dilemma of Insulin Delivery into the Brain: A Comprehensive Review.

Insulin is a peptide hormone that is essential for regulating body homeostasis. Furthermore, it is involved in various neurological functions such as memory, behaviors, and cognition. The ubiquitous distribution of insulin receptors on various brain cells, such as neurons, microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, and their differential localization across various brain regions, including the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and olfactory bulb, collectively underscore the crucial involvement of insulin in the modulation of cerebral functions.

Nanovesicles as Potential Carriers for Delivery of Antiviral Drugs: A Comprehensive Review.

Different nanocarriers-based strategies are now extensively being used as an important strategy for improving drug efficacy and responsiveness, reducing toxicity issues related to drugs and harmful side effects, and overcoming the numerous significant difficulties related to absorption and bioavailability. Amongst different nanocarriers, nanovesicles are excellent and versatile systems for effectively delivering therapeutic agents, targeting ligand distribution and location. Nanovesicles are nanosized self-assembling spherical capsules with an aqueous core and one/- more lipid(s) layers.

Wound Healing Activity of Topical Herbal Gels Containing Barringtonia acutangula Fruit Extract: In silico and In vivo Studies.

The current study describes the efficacy of B. acutangula fruit extract in wound healing via incorporation within topical gels. B.

Lipid-Gelucire based rectal delivery of ramipril prodrug exhibits significant lowering of intra-ocular pressure in normotensive rabbit: sustained structural relaxation release kinetics and IVIVC.

Carboxylesterase enzymes convert a prodrug ramipril into the biologically active metabolite ramiprilat. It is prescribed for controlling ocular hypertension after oral administration. High concentrations of carboxylesterase enzymes in rectal and colon tissue can transform ramipril significantly to ramiprilat.

Dento-skeletal Sequel of Hyrax in Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and Palate: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Aim: To critically evaluate and review the dento-skeletal outcomes of hyrax with or without nonsurgical protraction therapy in nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients.

Materials And Methods: Electronic databases were searched from PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, SciELO, Lilacs, and Google Scholar from January 2005 to April 2022 to identify studies reporting on the dento-skeletal effect of hyrax with or without nonsurgical protraction therapy among children aged 7-15 years with CLP before the secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) procedure. Abstracts and subsequently eligible full-text articles were screened.

Influence of Nano-Particulate Impurities and β-glucans on the Stability of Protein-Based Formulations.

Pharmaceutical grade sugars manufactured under Current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) and complied with International Pharmaceutical Excipients Council (IPEC) quality standards, also contain a significant amount of nano-particulate impurities (NPIs). This review will focus on the origin of NPIs, the mechanism of their interference with Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and endotoxin tests, filtration technology to effectively reduce the NPIs, methodologies for analytical quantification of NPIs, guidance for setting the limits of threshold concentration and the overall impact of NPIs on the therapeutic activity, performance, stability of biopharmaceuticals and protein-based formulations. NPIs with an average particle size of 100 to 200 nm are present in sugars and are a combination of various chemicals such as dextrans (with the presence of β-glucans), ash, inorganic metal salts, aromatic colorants, etc.

Surface Tailoring-Modulated Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysis with CoP for Rechargeable Zn-Air Battery and Water Splitting.

The transition metal phosphide (TMP)-based functional electrocatalysts are very promising for the development of electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices including rechargeable metal-air batteries and water electrolyzer. Tuning the electrocatalytic activity of TMPs is one of the vital steps to achieve the desired performance of these energy devices. Herein, we demonstrate the modulation of the bifunctional oxygen electrocatalytic activity of nitrogen-doped carbon-encapsulated CoP (CoP@NC) nanostructures by surface tailoring with ultralow amount (0.

Recent Advancements in Bioelectronic Medicine: A Review.

Bioelectronic medicine is a multidisciplinary field that combines molecular medicine, neurology, engineering, and computer science to design devices for diagnosing and treating diseases. The advancements in bioelectronic medicine can improve the precision and personalization of illness treatment. Bioelectronic medicine can produce, suppress, and measure electrical activity in excitable tissue.

Conveyance of sofosbuvir through vesicular lipid nanocarriers as an effective strategy for management of viral meningitis.

This study aimed to deliver a potential water-soluble antiviral drug (sofosbuvir) through optimized vesicular lipid nanocarriers (LNs) to the rat brain as a novel strategy against viral meningitis. A 2 factorial design approach was established to assess the effect of formulation composition and process variables on the physicochemical properties of the LNs. Sofosbuvir-loaded LNs (SLNs) were developed by lipid layer hydration method utilizing optimized parameters and evaluated for various characterizations like FTIR, DSC, XRD, FESEM, vesicle size, zeta potential, drug carrying capacity and drug release.

Thyme Oil-Containing Fluconazole-Loaded Transferosomal Bigel for Transdermal Delivery.

The objective of the present research was to develop fluconazole-loaded transferosomal bigels for transdermal delivery by employing statistical optimization (2 factorial design-based). Thin-film hydration was employed to prepare fluconazole-loaded transferomal suspensions, which were then incorporated into bigel system. A 2 factorial design was employed where ratios of lipids to edge activators, lipids (soya lecithin to cholesterol), and edge activators (sodium deoxycholate to Tween 80) were factors.