Aging-dependent dysregulation of EXOSC2 is maintained in cancer as a dependency.

Reprogramming of aged donor tissue cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (A-iPSC) preserved the epigenetic memory of aged-donor tissue, defined as genomic instability and poor tissue differentiation in our previous study. The unbalanced expression of RNA exosome subunits affects the RNA degradation complex function and is associated with geriatric diseases including premature aging and cancer progression. We hypothesized that the age-dependent progressive subtle dysregulation of EXOSC2 (exosome component 2) causes the aging traits (abnormal cell cycle and poor tissue differentiation).

The Prevalence of Septo-Optic Dysplasia in Neonates with Absent Cavum Septi Pellucidi Identified during Routine Prenatal Imaging.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) in patients with prenatally identified absent cavum septi pellucidi (CSP), agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC), or dysgenesis of the corpus callosum (DCC).This retrospective chart review investigated neonates prenatally diagnosed with an absent CSP, ACC, or DCC who were admitted to a single quaternary academic medical center in the Pacific Northwest between 2016 and 2023. This prenatal diagnosis prompted a routine and protocolized postnatal workup for SOD including laboratory evaluation, imaging, and specialty consultation.

Co-occurring Psychopathology in Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Differences by Sex in the ECHO Cohorts.

Purpose: Our goals were to: 1) examine the occurrence of behavioral and emotional symptoms in children on the autism spectrum in a large national sample, stratifying by sex, and 2) evaluate whether children with increased autism-related social communication deficits also experience more behavioral and emotional problems.

Methods:  Participants (n = 7,998) were from 37 cohorts from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program. Cross-sectional information on demographic factors, parent-report of an ASD diagnosis by clinician, Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) scores, and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) scores were obtained for children aged 2.

Pregnancy and Long-Term Postnatal Outcomes of Congenital Sacrococcygeal Teratoma: A Single Institution's 18-Year Experience.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate outcomes of fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) from an academic tertiary center.

Study Design: This is a retrospective study evaluating pregnancy and postnatal outcomes of fetal SCT management at a single institution between 2006 and 2023. Results are reported as median (range).

Biomarker screening for pulmonary hypertension in VLBW infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Background: Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants demonstrate altered alveolar and pulmonary vascular development and carry an increased risk of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and pulmonary hypertension (PH). Risk stratification for BPD-associated PH (BPD-PH) in at-risk infants may help tailor management, improve outcomes, and optimize resource utilization.

Methods: VLBW infants were screened for PH with blood gas measurements, serum NT-proBNP and bicarbonate (HCO3) levels, and echocardiograms if they remained on respiratory support at 34 weeks corrected gestational age.

Global health reciprocal innovation: ethical, legal and regulatory considerations.

Global health reciprocal innovation (GHRI) is a recent and more formalised approach to conducting research that recognises and develops innovations (eg, medicines, devices, methodologies) from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). At present, studies using GHRI most commonly adapt innovations from LMICs for use in high-income countries (HICs), although some develop innovations in LMICs and HICs. In this paper, we propose that GHRI implicitly makes two ethical commitments: (1) to promote health innovations from LMICs, especially in HICs, and (2) to conduct studies on health innovations from LMICs in equitable partnerships between investigators in LMICs and HICs.

Perinatal Stressors and Consequences for Neonates with Critical Congenital Heart Disease.

Introduction: The prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD) is a traumatic event that can cause expectant parents to experience anxiety, depression, and toxic stress. Prenatal exposure to stress may impact neonatal postoperative outcomes. In addition, expectant parents may have other psychosocial stressors that may compound maternal stress.

Structured Framework for Multidisciplinary Parent Counseling and Medical Interventions for Fetuses and Infants with Trisomy 13 or Trisomy 18.

Objective: Trisomy 13 (T13) and 18 (T18) are aneuploidies associated with multiple structural congenital anomalies and high rates of fetal demise and neonatal mortality. Historically, patients with either one of these diagnoses have been treated similarly with exclusive comfort care rather than invasive interventions or intensive care, despite a wide phenotypic variation and substantial variations in survival length. However, surgical interventions have been on the rise in this population in recent years without clearly elucidated selection criterion.

Addiction specialists' attitudes toward psychedelics: A National Survey.

Background And Objectives: In recent years, there has been accelerating scientific and public interest in the use of psychedelics to treat mental health disorders. Our study's objective was to assess the attitudes of addiction specialists regarding therapeutic psychedelics.

Methods: Our study utilized an anonymous online survey to assess the opinions of 145 addiction specialists regarding the therapeutic promise, potential risks, and legalization of psychedelics in the treatment of psychiatric illness and substance use disorders.

Prenatal Congenital Heart Disease-It Takes a Multidisciplinary Village.

Prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD) allows for thoughtful multidisciplinary planning about location, timing, and need for medical interventions at birth. We sought to assess the accuracy of our prenatal cardiac diagnosis, and postnatal needs for patients with CHD utilizing a multidisciplinary approach. We performed a retrospective chart review of fetal CHD patients between 1/1/18 and 4/30/19.

How accurate is transcutaneous bilirubin testing in newborns with darker skin tones?

Fairly accurate. Photometric transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) testing may overestimate total serum bilirubin (TSB) in neonates with darker skin tones by a mean of 0.68 to > 2 mg/dL (strength of recommendation [SOR]: C, diagnostic cohort studies with differing reference standards).

Incidental Findings from Deep Phenotyping Research in Psychiatry: Legal and Ethical Considerations.

Substantial advancement in the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders may come from assembling diverse data streams from clinical notes, neuroimaging, genetics, and real-time digital footprints from smartphones and wearable devices. This is called "deep phenotyping" and often involves machine learning. We argue that incidental findings arising in deep phenotyping research have certain special, morally and legally salient features: They are specific, actionable, numerous, and probabilistic.

Influences of the Immune System and Microbiome on the Etiology of ASD and GI Symptomology of Autistic Individuals.

Autism Spectrum Disorder is a developmental condition associated with impairments in communication and social interactions, and repetitive and restricted behavior or interests. Autistic individuals are more likely to experience gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms than neurotypical individuals. This may be partially due to dysbiosis of the gut microbiome.

Depression and socioeconomic stressors in expectant parents with fetal congenital anomalies.

Objective: Congenital anomalies are increasingly diagnosed before birth, which may lead to psychological distress in expectant parents. While the presence of significant symptoms of depression and stress in these parents is established, understanding their context within parents' other life stressors has not been fully investigated. We sought to characterize the socioeconomic profile and depression symptoms of expectant parents in a quaternary care academic hospital's fetal care clinic.

Teaching Antenatal Counseling Skills via Video Conference.

Neonatologists provide counseling to expectant parents to prepare them for the birth and subsequent medical care that their extremely preterm, or otherwise medically complex newborn may require. The skills required to conduct these sensitive conversations are often taught to neonatology trainees via direct observation or simulated scenarios in advance of counseling actual patients. This technical report details how we taught antenatal counseling skills to junior neonatal-perinatal medicine (NPM) fellows via video conferencing during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Pulmonary Function Tests in Very Low Birth Weight Infants Screened for Pulmonary Hypertension: A Pilot Study.

Objective: To compare pulmonary function tests (PFTs), specifically respiratory system resistance (Rrs) and compliance (Crs), in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants with and without pulmonary hypertension.

Study Design: Infants were included who underwent PFTs at 34-38 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) as part of our pulmonary hypertension screening guidelines for infants born at ≤1500 g requiring respiratory support at ≥34 weeks PMA. One pediatric cardiologist reviewed and estimated right ventricular or pulmonary arterial pressure and defined pulmonary hypertension as an estimated pulmonary arterial pressure or right ventricular pressure greater than one-half the systemic pressure.