Clinical Profile and Treatment Outcomes of Tumour-Induced Osteomalacia - A Single-Centre Experience.

Introduction: Tumour-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is rare. At our referral centre, we see a substantial number of TIO. Therefore, we planned to study their profile and treatment outcomes to provide insight in management.

Early Universal Screening with a Combination of Fasting Plasma Glucose and Glycated Haemoglobin is the Best Community Screening Strategy for Dysglycaemia in Indian Youth.

Introduction: Any intervention to reduce the incidence of diabetes needs to target the young population at the stage of early insulin resistance or prediabetes. There are no screening guidelines for dysglycaemia in non-obese youth. This study was designed to find the best screening investigation for dysglycaemia in community-dwelling youth.

Current approach to early gestational diabetes mellitus: A clinical update.

Aims: Early gestational diabetes (eGDM) is defined as hyperglycemia diagnosed in early pregnancy (<20 weeks) which is not overt or pre-existing diabetes. This review summarizes our current understanding of eGDM and identifies future research gaps.

Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus databases, focusing on the diagnostic pathways, glycemic trajectories, impact of treatment on pregnancy outcomes, and evolving precision medicine approaches in eGDM.

Managing early-onset type 2 diabetes in the individual and at the population level.

Early-onset type 2 diabetes (defined as type 2 diabetes diagnosed in people aged <40 years) is an increasingly prevalent condition with a more aggressive disease trajectory than late-onset type 2 diabetes. It is associated with accelerated microvascular and macrovascular complications, reduced life expectancy, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Despite its rising incidence, global management strategies have mostly been extrapolated from studies in older adults with limited evidence specific to younger populations.

Pregnancy and postpartum cardiometabolic outcomes among women with overt diabetes compared to women with normoglycaemia, gestational diabetes and pre-existing diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Aim: Overt diabetes in pregnancy (ODiP) is a condition identified by the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) in 2010. Despite the clinical significance, our knowledge regarding its impact during pregnancy and the postpartum period is limited due to small sample sizes in previous studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM) aimed to consolidate evidence on outcomes in the pregnancy and postpartum period among women with ODiP in comparison to women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), pre-existing diabetes (PED) and normoglycaemia.

Idiopathic Arginine Vasopressin Deficiency With Mild and Reversible Hypercalcemia.

Background: Arginine vasopressin deficiency (central diabetes insipidus) results from impaired hypothalamic-neurohypophyseal secretion of arginine vasopressin and leads to hypotonic polyuria and polydipsia. Common causes of arginine vasopressin deficiency include head trauma, pituitary surgery, neoplasms, and inflammatory stalk lesions; however, 25% to 50% of cases are idiopathic. Hypercalcemia can result in arginine vasopressin resistance (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus) and is an important differential in the evaluation of patients with hypotonic polyuria-polydipsia syndrome.

Agreement and disagreement between diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes and implications for clinical practice: A retrospective observational study.

Aims: To evaluate agreement/disagreement between eleven gestational diabetes (GDM) diagnostic criteria, including five used in current clinical practice globally.

Methods: Records of 353 pregnant women with oral glucose tolerance test performed after 20 weeks of gestation were retrospectively reviewed. The diagnosis of GDM was compared using the IADPSG, DIPSI, WHO 1999, CDA 2003 and 2013, NICE 2015, JSOG 1984, ADIPS 1998, ADA 2004, NZSSD 2004 and EASD 1996 criteria.

Cardiovascular Health Metrics of Spouses of Indian Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes and Diabetes in Pregnancy: Results from CHIP-F Study.

Introduction: There are limited data on the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors/diseases (diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia) and their composite scores reflecting overall cardiovascular health among young (< 50 years old) married couples.

Methods: We have an established longitudinal prospective cohort of postpartum women with a history of hyperglycemia [pre-existing diabetes (PED; n = 101), overt diabetes in pregnancy (ODiP; n = 92), gestational diabetes (GDM; n = 643)], and normoglycemia (n = 183) in pregnancy and their spouses (n = 819). In this study, we report data from baseline cross-sectional evaluation of these 819 young couples regarding the burden of cardiovascular risk factors/diseases, their concordance and associations.

The efficacy of interventions to prevent type 2 diabetes among women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus-A living systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: While previously considered a transient condition, with no lasting adverse impact, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is now a well-established risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The risk of developing T2DM appears to be particularly high in the first few years after childbirth, providing a compelling case for early intervention. This review provides an up-to-date systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of interventions to reduce incidence of T2DM in women with a recent history of GDM.

Postpartum glycemic and cardiometabolic profile of women testing positive for gestational diabetes mellitus by International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) but negative by alternate criteria: Insights from CHIP-F study.

Objective: To evaluate burden of postpartum diabetes and other cardiometabolic risk factors among women who test positive for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria, but negative by alternate criteria.

Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from 2019 to 2022 and is a sub-study of the CHIP-F cohort (Cohort Study of Indian Women with Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy and their Families).

Results: Study participants (n = 826; 183 with normoglycemia and 643 with GDM using IADPSG criteria) were evaluated at a median (IQR) postpartum interval of 31 (21-45) months.

Bone mass, microarchitecture and turnover among young Indian women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Purpose: To evaluate comprehensive bone health among young Indian women, including bone mass, microarchitecture, and turnover, in relation to their non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) status.

Methods: This cross-sectional study (May 2018-November 2019) recruited women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and normoglycemia in their index pregnancy, who were at least 6 months postpartum. All participants underwent abdominal ultrasonography for determination of NAFLD status (grades 2 and 3: severe NAFLD) and transient elastography (FibroScan) for hepatic fibrosis (LSM >6 kPa).

Postpartum diabetes and cardiometabolic outcomes among Indian (South Asian) women with early Gestational diabetes mellitus: Insights from the CHIP-F study.

Early GDM is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, however data on other outcomes are scarce. We evaluated women with early (n = 117) and classical (n = 412) GDM for long-term postpartum (median 32 months) glycemic and cardiometabolic outcomes and found a significantly higher prevalence of diabetes in the former [22.2 % vs.

Validity of Montreal Cognitive Assessment to Detect Cognitive Impairment in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes.

Introduction: Guidelines recommend screening older people (> 60-65 years) with type 2 diabetes (T2D) for cognitive impairment, as it has implications in the management of diabetes. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a sensitive test for the detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the general population, but its validity in T2D has not been established.

Methods: We administered MoCA to patients with T2D (age ≥ 60 years) and controls (no T2D), along with a culturally validated neuropsychological battery and functional activity questionnaire.

Incidence of Prediabetes/Diabetes among Women with Prior Gestational Diabetes and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Prospective Observational Study.

Background And Objectives: This prospective longitudinal study aims to evaluate and compare the incidence of prediabetes/diabetes among women stratified at the baseline postpartum visit according to the prior GDM and NAFLD status.

Methods: Of the 309 women with baseline postpartum assessment at a median of 16 months following the index delivery, 200 (64.7%) [GDM: 137 (68.

Burosumab: Current status and future prospects.

Hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia caused by FGF23 excess is conventionally treated with multiple doses of inorganic phosphate salts and active vitamin D analogs. However, conventional therapy targets the consequences of elevated FGF23 and not the elevated FGF23 itself and is associated with poor adherence and long-term complications such as nephrocalcinosis and secondary/tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Burosumab is a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds to and neutralises FGF-23, thereby leading to improvement in phosphate homeostasis and healing of rickets and osteomalacia.

Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT for Screening and Surveillance of Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease.

Purpose: Hereditary tumor syndrome Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is characterized by various benign and malignant tumors that are known to express somatostatin receptors (SSTR). We evaluated the role of Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT scan in patients with positive germline mutation of the VHL gene, presented initially or on follow-up, for the detection of recurrent or synchronous/metachronous lesions.

Methods: Fourteen patients (8 males; 6 females) with mean age 30 ± 9.

Current insights and emerging trends in early-onset type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes diagnosed in childhood or early adulthood is termed early-onset type 2 diabetes. Cases of early-onset type 2 diabetes are increasing rapidly globally, alongside rising obesity. Compared with a diagnosis later in life, an earlier-onset diagnosis carries an unexplained excess risk of microvascular complications, adverse cardiovascular outcomes, and earlier death.

Cardiometabolic profile of women with a history of overt diabetes compared to gestational diabetes and normoglycemia in index pregnancy: Results from CHIP-F study.

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of postpartum diabetes among women with a history of overt diabetes in pregnancy (ODiP) and compare with women having a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and normoglycemia in pregnancy.

Methods: We have an established longitudinal cohort of postpartum women with a history of hyperglycemia (preexisting diabetes [PED] [n = 101], ODiP [n = 92], GDM [n = 643]), and normoglycemia (n = 183) in pregnancy. For this study, we excluded women with PED and invited other eligible women in a fasting state for clinical and biochemical evaluation.