The interplay of hypoxia, inflammation, and microbiota as indicators of malignant transformation in oral potentially malignant disorders.

Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs), such as leukoplakia, erythroplakia, proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, and oral submucous fibrosis, carry a risk of malignant transformation, with reported rates ranging from 2.6 % to 7.9 %.

Toxicities in long-term survivors of head and neck cancer-A multi-national cross-sectional analysis.

Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients may experience toxicities as a result of their treatment modality. While acute toxicities have been well documented, the prevalence of toxicities at long-term follow-up of HNC survivors is less clear. As part of a multi-national, cross-sectional study, HNC survivors at least 5 years post-diagnosis were invited to undergo a toxicity examination.

Selected laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas with laryngeal mobility impairment are suitable for curative larynx-preservation treatment: A multi-institutional study on 406 patients from the ARYFIX collaborative group.

Introduction: Mobility impairment defines a specific subset of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), with implications for prognosis and treatment. While total laryngectomy (TL) is often considered for mobility-impairing LSCC (MI-LSCC), the role of organ-preserving strategies such as open partial horizontal laryngectomy (OPHL) and non-surgical treatments (NST) remains debated. This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of different treatment strategies for patients with MI-LSCC.

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence Technologies on Nutritional Care in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review.

Objectives: Chronic kidney disease is a global health challenge, and effective, individualized nutritional management is crucial for slowing progression and improving quality of life. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers innovative tools to optimize and personalize nutritional care. This review explores AI applications in nutritional management, assessing their impact on clinical outcomes, quality of life, and care efficiency.

Impact of surgical margins status on survival outcomes in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of surgical margins on survival outcomes for patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC).

Methods: Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to define the impact of positive and close margins on overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and disease-specific survival (DSS).

Results: A total of 14 studies enrolling 4839 patients (of whom 3837 males, or 79.

Feasibility of an AI-driven Classification of Tuberous Breast Deformity: A Siamese Network Approach with a Continuous Tuberosity Score.

Background: Tuberous breast deformity (TBD) is a congenital condition characterized by constriction of the breast base, parenchymal hypoplasia, and areolar herniation. The absence of a universally accepted classification system complicates diagnosis and surgical planning, leading to variability in clinical outcomes. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful adjunct in medical imaging, enabling objective, reproducible, and data-driven diagnostic assessments.

Treatment of primary tumor in metastatic head and neck Carcinoma: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: The treatment of primary tumors in metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) is a complex and debated issue. This study evaluates the impact of treating primary tumors on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in metastatic HNSCC through a systematic review and meta-analysis, with a focus on identifying potential biases and limitations in the available evidence.

Materials And Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library for studies published up to January 2024.

A Deep-Learning Approach for Vocal Fold Pose Estimation in Videoendoscopy.

Accurate vocal fold (VF) pose estimation is crucial for diagnosing larynx diseases that can eventually lead to VF paralysis. The videoendoscopic examination is used to assess VF motility, usually estimating the change in the anterior glottic angle (AGA). This is a subjective and time-consuming procedure requiring extensive expertise.

Improved Visualization of Oropharyngeal Tumors Using Simple Maneuvers During Flexible Endoscopy.

Objectives: To describe patient positioning maneuvers that optimize visualization of the oropharynx during flexible endoscopyMethods:An institutional database of videos obtained from 2021 to 2023 during flexible endoscopy of patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) was reviewed. Patients seen outside the specialty head and neck clinic, those with tonsillar primary tumors, and those only with videos of fiberoptic swallowing evaluations were excluded. A total of 10 videos were then independently analyzed by 2 reviewers to assess the effects of 4 maneuvers on oropharyngeal tumor visualization: chin elevation, phonation, tongue protrusion, and contralateral head turn.

Oncological Feasibility of Limited Neck Dissection in cN0 Supraglottic Laryngeal Cancer.

Background: Supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a significant portion of head and neck cancers, with the management of clinically negative necks (cN0) through selective neck dissection (SND) being debated due to potential morbidities and low metastasis rates in levels IIb and IV.

Methods: This study is a retrospective, multicenter examination of the potential feasibility of limited neck dissection (LND), including only levels IIa and III in cN0 supraglottic SCC patients. It analyzed occult metastasis rates and explored relapse occurrences alongside potential predictors of lymph node metastasis.

Treatment-related mortality in head and neck cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and radiation: results of a meta-analysis of published trials.

Objectives: A combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is employed in the curative and postoperative treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancers (HNC). Integrated chemoradiation (CRT) treatments result in a non-negligible rate of severe toxic effects. Treatment-related death (TRD) is a crucial topic for physicians involved in the curative treatment of HNC.

Exoscopic Transoral Supraglottic Laryngectomy.

This article, accompanied by technical notes and video, presents a case of an 85-year-old patient with a cT2N0 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated using CO transoral laser exoscopic surgery (TOLES). The procedure achieved en bloc tumor removal with negative margins, preserving laryngeal and swallowing functions, demonstrating TOLES as a viable alternative to traditional microsurgery with enhanced visualization and ergonomics. Laryngoscope, 135:744-747, 2025.

Artificial intelligence for automatic detection and segmentation of nasal polyposis: a pilot study.

Purpose: Accurate diagnosis and quantification of polyps and symptoms are pivotal for planning the therapeutic strategy of Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). This pilot study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based image analysis system capable of segmenting nasal polyps from nasal endoscopy videos.

Methods: Recorded nasal videoendoscopies from 52 patients diagnosed with CRSwNP between 2019 and 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.

Artificial intelligence-enhanced opportunistic screening of osteoporosis in CT scan: a scoping Review.

Purpose: This scoping review aimed to assess the current research on artificial intelligence (AI)--enhanced opportunistic screening approaches for stratifying osteoporosis and osteopenia risk by evaluating vertebral trabecular bone structure in CT scans.

Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for studies published between 2018 and December 2023. Inclusion criteria encompassed articles focusing on AI techniques for classifying osteoporosis/osteopenia or determining bone mineral density using CT scans of vertebral bodies.

Computer Vision and Videomics in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery: Bridging the Gap Between Clinical Needs and the Promise of Artificial Intelligence.

This article discusses the role of computer vision in otolaryngology, particularly through endoscopy and surgery. It covers recent applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in nonradiologic imaging within otolaryngology, noting the benefits and challenges, such as improving diagnostic accuracy and optimizing therapeutic outcomes, while also pointing out the necessity for enhanced data curation and standardized research methodologies to advance clinical applications. Technical aspects are also covered, providing a detailed view of the progression from manual feature extraction to more complex AI models, including convolutional neural networks and vision transformers and their potential application in clinical settings.

Computer Vision Foundation Models in Endoscopy: Proof of Concept in Oropharyngeal Cancer.

Objectives: To evaluate the performance of vision transformer-derived image embeddings for distinguishing between normal and neoplastic tissues in the oropharynx and to investigate the potential of computer vision (CV) foundation models in medical imaging.

Methods: Computational study using endoscopic frames with a focus on the application of a self-supervised vision transformer model (DINOv2) for tissue classification. High-definition endoscopic images were used to extract image patches that were then normalized and processed using the DINOv2 model to obtain embeddings.

Long-term health-related quality of life in head and neck cancer survivors: A large multinational study.

Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients suffer from a range of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) issues, but little is known about their long-term HRQoL. This study explored associations between treatment group and HRQoL at least 5 years' post-diagnosis in HNC survivors. In an international cross-sectional study, HNC survivors completed the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) quality of life core questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-C30) and its HNC module (EORTC-QLQ-H&N35).

Evaluation of DNA methylation levels of and in plasma of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma using droplet digital PCR.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the seventh most commonly diagnosed cancer globally. HNSCC develops from the mucosa of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx. Methylation levels of septin 9 () and short stature homeobox 2 () genes in circulating cell‑free DNA (ccfDNA) are considered epigenetic biomarkers and have shown predictive value in preliminary reports in HNSCC.

Reliability of large language models in managing odontogenic sinusitis clinical scenarios: a preliminary multidisciplinary evaluation.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the utility of large language model (LLM) artificial intelligence tools, Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) versions 3.5 and 4, in managing complex otolaryngological clinical scenarios, specifically for the multidisciplinary management of odontogenic sinusitis (ODS).

Methods: A prospective, structured multidisciplinary specialist evaluation was conducted using five ad hoc designed ODS-related clinical scenarios.

Real-Time Laryngeal Cancer Boundaries Delineation on White Light and Narrow-Band Imaging Laryngoscopy with Deep Learning.

Objective: To investigate the potential of deep learning for automatically delineating (segmenting) laryngeal cancer superficial extent on endoscopic images and videos.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted extracting and annotating white light (WL) and Narrow-Band Imaging (NBI) frames to train a segmentation model (SegMENT-Plus). Two external datasets were used for validation.

Thyroid cartilage infiltration in advanced laryngeal cancer: prognostic implications and predictive modelling.

Objective: Detection of laryngeal cartilage invasion is of great importance in staging of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). The role of prognosticators in locally advanced laryngeal cancer are still widely debated. This study aimed to assess the impact of volume of thyroid cartilage infiltration, as well as other histopathologic variables, on patient survival.