Decreased inflammatory biomarkers after using artificial tears with and hypromellose for dry eye.

Clinical Relevance: Research has increasingly highlighted the therapeutic potential of Aloe vera and hypromellose for treating dry eye due to their healing properties and multifaceted benefits including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and wetting capabilities.

Background: During the last few years, the use of natural extracts in the form of ophthalmic and oral formulations has been proposed as an alternative to those currently available treatments for dry eye. The purpose of the current study was to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effect of artificial tears containing an extract of Aloe vera and hypromellose on ocular surface inflammation in dry eye patients, along with evaluating various signs and symptoms of dry eye.

Omics in Keratoconus: From Molecular to Clinical Practice.

Keratoconus (KC) is a progressive ocular disorder marked by structural and functional alterations of the cornea, leading to significant visual impairment. Recent studies indicate that these corneal changes are linked to molecular and cellular mechanisms that disrupt and degrade the extracellular matrix. This degradation is influenced by proteinases that contribute to a loss of homeostasis and an imbalance in the antioxidant/oxidative state within the cornea, fostering oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.

The Role of the Ubiquitin System in Eye Diseases.

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a fundamental process that regulates various biological functions, including immune response, cell cycle, oxidative stress, migration, and cellular proliferation. This system is responsible for the degradation of proteins, while proteasomes play a significant role in mechanisms involved in health and human diseases. The participation of the UPS in immune response is particularly relevant, leading to the involvement of immunoproteasomes.

CPEB4-CLOCK crosstalk during temporal lobe epilepsy.

Objective: Posttranscriptional mechanisms are increasingly recognized as important contributors to the formation of hyperexcitable networks in epilepsy. Messenger RNA (mRNA) polyadenylation is a key regulatory mechanism governing protein expression by enhancing mRNA stability and translation. Previous studies have shown large-scale changes in mRNA polyadenylation in the hippocampus of mice during epilepsy development.

Oxidative Stress in the Anterior Ocular Diseases: Diagnostic and Treatment.

The eye is a metabolically active structure, constantly exposed to solar radiations making its structure vulnerable to the high burden of reactive oxygen species (ROS), presenting many molecular interactions. The biomolecular cascade modification is caused especially in diseases of the ocular surface, cornea, conjunctiva, uvea, and lens. In fact, the injury in the anterior segment of the eye takes its origin from the perturbation of the pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance and leads to increased oxidative damage, especially when the first line of antioxidant defence weakens with age.

Improvement of Soft Contact Lens Wettability After the Instillation of Hyaluronic Acid Eye Drops.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of the topical instillation of hyaluronic acid eye drops with different viscosity on soft contact lens wettability and comfort.

Methods: A randomized and participant-masked study was performed, involving 20 participants (25.4±2.

Efficacy of a Deep Learning Convolutional Neural Network System for Melanoma Diagnosis in a Hospital Population.

(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the quantusSKIN system, a new clinical tool based on deep learning, to distinguish between benign skin lesions and melanoma in a hospital population. (2) Methods: A retrospective study was performed using 232 dermoscopic images from the clinical database of the Ramón y Cajal University Hospital (Madrid, Spain). The skin lesions images, previously diagnosed as nevus (n = 177) or melanoma (n = 55), were analyzed by the quantusSKIN system, which offers a probabilistic percentage (diagnostic threshold) for melanoma diagnosis.

Efficacy of Artificial Tears Based on an Extract of Containing Dinucleotides in a Rabbit Dry Eye Model.

(1) Background: is a brine shrimp containing high concentrations of dinucleotides, molecules with properties for dry eye treatment. For this reason, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of the artificial tears based on an extract of in a rabbit dry eye model. (2) Methods: A prospective and randomized study was carried out.

From Oxidative Stress to Inflammation in the Posterior Ocular Diseases: Diagnosis and Treatment.

Most irreversible blindness observed with glaucoma and retina-related ocular diseases, including age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy, have their origin in the posterior segment of the eye, making their physiopathology both complex and interconnected. In addition to the age factor, these diseases share the same mechanism disorder based essentially on oxidative stress. In this context, the imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mainly by mitochondria and their elimination by protective mechanisms leads to chronic inflammation.

Influence of Circadian Rhythm in the Eye: Significance of Melatonin in Glaucoma.

Circadian rhythm and the molecules involved in it, such as melanopsin and melatonin, play an important role in the eye to regulate the homeostasis and even to treat some ocular conditions. As a result, many ocular pathologies like dry eye, corneal wound healing, cataracts, myopia, retinal diseases, and glaucoma are affected by this cycle. This review will summarize the current scientific literature about the influence of circadian patterns on the eye, focusing on its relationship with increased intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuations and glaucoma.

Comparison Between Viscous Teardrops and Saline Solution to Fill Orthokeratology Contact Lenses Before Overnight Wear.

Objective: To compare, in terms of efficacy, the differences between the use of saline solution and a viscous artificial tear to fill the lens during the first month of orthokeratology wear.

Methods: A pilot, double-masked, crossed, randomized, and prospective study was conducted. In this study, 20 subjects (14 males and 6 females) with a mean age of 16.

Post-lens tear turbidity and visual quality after scleral lens wear.

Background: The aim was to evaluate the turbidity and thickness of the post-lens tear layer and its effect on visual quality in patients with keratoconus after the beginning of lens wear and before lens removal at the end of eight hours.

Methods: Twenty-six patients with keratoconus (aged 36.95 ± 8.

Differences in Dry Eye Questionnaire Symptoms in Two Different Modalities of Contact Lens Wear: Silicone-Hydrogel in Daily Wear Basis and Overnight Orthokeratology.

. To compare the ocular surface symptoms and signs in an adult population of silicone-hydrogel (Si-Hy) contact lens (CL) wearers with another modality of CL wear, overnight orthokeratology (OK). .

Signs and Symptoms of Dry Eye in Keratoconus Patients Before and After Intrastromal Corneal Rings Surgery.

Purpose: Based on the relationship between keratoconus and dry eye, the aim of this study was to evaluate changes in signs and symptoms of dry eye in keratoconus patients before and after intrastromal corneal ring surgery.

Methods: Fifteen keratoconus patients were enrolled in Fundación Jiménez-Díaz of Madrid and University Clinic of Optometry of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Madrid, Spain). Tear break up time (TBUT), Schirmer test without anesthesia, corneal staining, diadenosine tetraphosphate (ApA) concentration, and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) were evaluated.

The role of dinucleoside polyphosphates on the ocular surface and other eye structures.

Dinucleoside polyphosphates comprises a group of dinucleotides formed by two nucleosides linked by a variable number of phosphates, abbreviated NpnN (where n represents the number of phosphates). These compounds are naturally occurring substances present in tears, aqueous humour and in the retina. As the consequence of their presence, these dinucleotides contribute to many ocular physiological processes.

The influence of rigid gas permeable lens wear on the concentrations of dinucleotides in tears and the effect on dry eye signs and symptoms in keratoconus.

Purpose: To evaluate the signs and symptoms of dry eye and dinucleotide secretion in tears of keratoconus patients (KC) and the potential effect of rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lens wear.

Methods: Twenty-three KC patients and forty control subjects were enrolled in this study. Signs of dry eye including tear volume, tear stability and corneal staining along with symptoms were assessed using the McMonnies questionnaire.

Ocular Surface Temperature During Scleral Lens Wearing in Patients With Keratoconus.

Objective: To evaluate the ocular surface temperature using an infrared thermography camera before and after wearing scleral lens in patients with keratoconus and correlate these results with the tear production and stability.

Methods: A pilot, experimental, short-term study has been performed. Twenty-six patients with keratoconus (36.

Effect of overnight orthokeratology on conjunctival goblet cells.

Objective: To evaluate the differences between goblet cell density (GCD) and symptomatology after one month of orthokeratology lens wear.

Methods: A pilot, short-term study was conducted. Twenty-two subjects (29.

Short-term Effect of Scleral Lens on the Dry Eye Biomarkers in Keratoconus.

Purpose: To evaluate the most important signs of dry eye, such as osmolarity, inflammation, and diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap(4)A) concentration before and after wearing scleral lenses for 8 h in keratoconus patients.

Methods: A pilot, experimental, short-term study involved 26 keratoconus patients (average age, 36.95 ± 8.

Dry Eye Treatment Based on Contact Lens Drug Delivery: A Review.

Dry eye disease affects a substantial segment of the word population with increasing frequency. It is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface and tear film, which causes ocular discomfort, visual disturbances, and tear instability with potential damage to the cornea and conjunctiva. Because of its multifactorial etiology, the use of different pharmacological treatment for dry eye treatment has been proposed, which include anti-inflammatory molecules, lubricants or comfort agents, and secretagogues.

Symptoms and Signs in Rigid Gas Permeable Lens Wearers During Adaptation Period.

Objectives: To evaluate neophyte contact lens wearers' fitting to rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses in terms of wearing time, tear volume, stability, corneal staining, and subjective ratings, over a 1-month period of time.

Methods: Twenty-two young healthy subjects were enrolled for wearing RGP on a daily wear basis. The participants included in this study never wore contact lenses and showed a value under 10 in McMonnies Questionnaire.

Signs and Symptoms of Dry Eye in Keratoconus Patients: A Pilot Study.

Purpose: To compare signs and symptoms of dry eye in keratoconus (KC) patients versus healthy subjects.

Methods: A total of 15 KC patients (KC group, n = 15 eyes) and 16 healthy subjects (control group, 16 eyes) were enrolled in this study. The Schirmer I test with no anesthetic, tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal staining characteristics, and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scores were evaluated for both groups.

Melatonin and its analog 5-methoxycarbonylamino-N-acetyltryptamine potentiate adrenergic receptor-mediated ocular hypotensive effects in rabbits: significance for combination therapy in glaucoma.

Melatonin is currently considered a promising drug for glaucoma treatment because of its ocular hypotensive and neuroprotective effects. We have investigated the effect of melatonin and its analog 5-methoxycarbonylamino-N-acetyltryptamine, 5-MCA-NAT, on β₂/α(2A)-adrenergic receptor mRNA as well as protein expression in cultured rabbit nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cells. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemical assays revealed a significant β₂-adrenergic receptor downregulation as well as α(2A)-adrenergic receptor up-regulation of treated cells (P < 0.

Nucleotides in the eye: focus on functional aspects and therapeutic perspectives.

The presence and activity of nucleotides and dinucleotides in the physiology of most, if not all, organisms, from bacteria to humans, have been recognized by the scientific community, and the eye is no exception. Nucleotides in the dynamic fluids interact with many ocular structures, such as the tears and aqueous humor. Moreover, high concentrations of nucleotides in these secretions may reflect disease states such as dry eye and glaucoma.

Bicarbonate-dependent secretion and proteolytic processing of recombinant myocilin.

Myocilin is an extracellular glycoprotein of poorly understood function. Mutations of this protein are involved in glaucoma, an optic neuropathy characterized by a progressive and irreversible visual loss and frequently associated with elevated intraocular pressure. We previously showed that recombinant myocilin undergoes an intracellular proteolytic processing by calpain II which cleaves the central region of the protein, releasing one N- and one C-terminal fragment.