An Update on the Effects and Complications of BoNT-A in the Management of Third, Fourth, and Sixth Nerve Palsies: A Narrative Review.

This review article explores the etiology of oculomotor palsies-including third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerve palsies-and addresses the application of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) in the management of these conditions, along with its associated complications and side effects. The objective is to assess BoNT-A's potential efficacy and its role across various types of nerve palsies. A comprehensive analysis of relevant studies reveals that BoNT-A holds promise as a therapeutic option in managing these conditions.

Short-term effects of Ahmed valve implantation on ocular biometry and corneal biomechanics in neovascular glaucoma.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation on ocular biometric and corneal biomechanical parameters in patients with neovascular glaucoma (NVG), with the goal of understanding how these changes influence intraocular pressure (IOP) control, surgical outcomes, and long-term prognosis.

Results: Eighteen NVG patients (mean age: 57.44 ± 10.

Effect of cataract surgery on macular and peripapillary optical coherence tomography values.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of cataract surgery on peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pp-RNFL) and macular thickness measurements, obtained by optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: In this prospective before-after study, both pp- and macular scans were obtained within two days before and then two weeks after surgery. Cataract density was graded using the Lens Opacities Classification System (LOCS) III.

Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Spacer for Nonpenetrating Deep Sclerectomy Combined with Cataract Surgery.

Purpose: To compare the outcomes of nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS) with and without an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) implant combined with phacoemulsification (PE).

Design: Interventional case series with concurrent control group.

Materials And Methods: Patients with medically uncontrolled glaucoma underwent PE nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS) and were consecutively divided into a study group receiving an e-PTFE implant and a control group undergoing PE-NPDS.

Intraocular Pressure Before and After Corneal Refractive Surgery: A Prospective Comparison of Corvis ST and Ocular Response Analyzer.

Prcis: The study showed that Corvis ST's biomechanical intraocular pressure (bIOP) and ocular response analyzer's (ORA) cornea-compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc) do not agree well, before or after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), and may not be used interchangeably. bIOP remained unchanged after PRK.

Objective: To evaluate the agreement between the biomechanically corrected intraocular pressure (bIOP) measured by the Corvis ST and the IOPcc measured by the ORA before and after PRK.

Interferons in vitreoretinal diseases; a review on their clinical application, and mechanism of action.

Purpose: This review investigates the therapeutic benefits of interferons (IFNs) in vitreoretinal diseases, focusing on their regulatory roles in innate immunological reactions and angiogenesis. The study aims to categorize the clinical outcomes of IFN applications and proposes a molecular mechanism underlying their action.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted using MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases to identify randomized clinical trials, case series, and case-control studies related to IFNs' impact on vitreoretinal diseases (1990-2022).

Ab-interno Trabeculotomy Procedures: A Review.

Purpose: To discuss the safety and efficacy of various forms of ab-interno trabeculotomy procedures.

Methods: A comprehensive search in PubMed and Google Scholar was done using the keywords "glaucoma", "microinvasive glaucoma surgery", "complications", "goniotomy", and "trabeculotomy". Publications discussing ab-interno trabeculotomy procedures were selected; furthermore, the relevant references in these articles were gathered and the search was updated during the article preparation.

Recent advancements in nanomaterial-laden contact lenses for diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma, review and update.

Despite the existence of numerous eye drops in the market, most of them are not sufficiently effective because of quick clearance and the barriers within the eye. To increase the delivery of the drugs to the eye, various new formulations have been explored in recent decades. These formulations aim to enhance drug retention and penetration, while enabling sustained drug release over extended periods.

Intraocular Pressure Changes in the Contralateral Eye After Glaucoma Surgery.

Prcis: Glaucoma surgery in 1 eye can result in significant intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation in the fellow eye in a significant percentage of subjects. This effect is more pronounced following glaucoma drainage device implantation and in subjects developing postoperative hypotony in the first eye.

Purpose: The aim was to investigate the course and magnitude of IOP changes in contralateral eyes following glaucoma surgery.

A new glaucoma drainage implant with the use of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). A pilot study.

To investigate the implantation of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a glaucoma drainage device. This study has been done in two steps. First, the constructed implants have been used in 4 rabbits and the histopathologic response was evaluated.

The Role of Trace Elements in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome: A Cross-sectional Study.

Purpose: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXF) is an age-related condition, characterized by deposition of whitish flake-shaped materials in the anterior segment of the eye. Although it occurs all over the world, a considerable racial variation exists. According to the high frequency of PXF in Iran and the importance of prevention and early treatment, we evaluated the plasma level of iron, zinc, copper, and magnesium in patients with PXF.

Liver Transplant for Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Single-Center Report of 15 Cases.

Objectives: Liver transplant has been shown to be a good treatment option for patients with nonresectable tumors that are limited to liver and that do notrespond to medicaltreatment. In this study, our aim was to share our experience in management of patients with neuroendocrine tumors and liver metastasis by liver transplant with and without more extensive surgical interventions.

Materials And Methods: We performed a 6-year (2011- 2017) retrospective study of data from the Namazi Hospital Transplant Research Center.

Intralenticular Cilia Following Penetrating Ocular Trauma: A Case Report.

Penetrating ocular trauma is one of the most important causes of vision loss, especially in men, and can be associated with intraocular foreign bodies. The incidence of intraocular cilia after trauma is very low. Here we report the case of a 24-year-old man who visited Poostchi Ophthalmology Clinic (Shiraz, Iran) due to a gradual vision loss in his left eye over the past 2 months.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF TOPICAL INTERFERON α2b AS A COMPLEMENTARY TREATMENT OF MACULAR EDEMA OF PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC RETINOPATHY: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial Study.

Purpose: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of the topical interferon α2b (IFNα2b) as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of diabetic macular edema.

Method: This was a randomized controlled clinical trial performed on patients with diabetic macular edema. Fifty eyes of 50 patients (one eye/patient) who were receiving treatment for diabetic macular edema were randomly assigned to get topical IFNα2b 1 MU/mL or artificial tear eye drop as an adjunctive therapy.

Candida albicans endophthalmitis following penetrating keratoplasty: A case report.

Endophthalmitis is one of the most serious complications of intraocular surgeries, and Candida albicans constitutes the majority of cases of post penetrating keratoplasty (PK) endophthalmitis. The presenting case is a 21-year-old woman with known case of advanced keratoconus and vernal keratoconjunctivitis who underwent PK, and developed recalcitrant anterior uveitis and subsequent whitish lesion on the superonasal of the lens. She was on topical steroids with possible impression of Uretts Zavalia syndrome versus phacoantigenic uveitis following traumatic cataract up to the 50 day of post operation that manifested symptoms of frank endophthalmitis; and underwent deep vitrectomy, lensectomy, localized iridectomy and irrigation with diluted Imipenem and Amphotericin-B.

Modified Primary Prophylaxis in Previously Untreated Patients With Severe Hemophilia A in Iran.

Background: Recently the low-dose tailoring method of primary prophylaxis has been introduced for previously untreated patients with hemophilia A.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-dose tailoring method of primary prophylaxis in previously untreated patients with severe hemophilia A.

Materials And Methods: In this pre-post interventional study, 33 patients with severe hemophilia A who were previously untreated and affiliated to universities in the capital city and southern Iran were evaluated during 2014 to 2015.

Phenotype Report on Patients with Congenital Factor V Deficiency in Southern Iran: Recent Ten Years' Experience.

This study aimed to investigate clinical symptoms in patients with congenital factor V (FV) deficiency and the relationship between phenotype and factor activity level. Thirteen patients with congenital FV deficiency were investigated and the factor activity level and first clinical presentations were studied for each patient. The most common first signs and symptoms were post-surgery, post-partum, post-circumcision, and post-traumatic bleeding (30.