Bioactive properties of Vicia canescens subsp. variegata (Willd.) P.H. Davis, Fabaceae: antioxidant, antiparkinsonian and relevance to food and agriculture use.

Background: Various Vicia species belonging to the Fabaceae family are known to be used in different parts of the world both in human nutrition and as animal feed, and also have pharmacological potential in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. With this perspective, in the present study, the possible antiparkinsonian effects of extracts prepared from Vicia canescens subsp. variegata were investigated in cell culture and on 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced Parkinson's model rats.

Alpha-lipoic acid prevents doxorubicin-induced acute hepatorenal toxicity in rats by reducing oxidative and inflammatory stress to suppress autophagy.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a commonly used medicine in cancer therapy. This drug accumulation in healthy tissues causes harmful clinical outcomes. Strategies that reduce oxidative damage, including alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) treatment, have been proposed to diminish toxic effects on healthy cells by raising the therapeutical effect of DOX on cancer cells.

Panax Ginseng Protects Against Doxorubicin-Induced Testicular Injury in Male Rats by Modulating NF-κB/COX-2 and AR Pathways.

Panax ginseng (PG) is a medicinal plant used for many years to treat many diseases. The current study aimed to investigate the possible prophylactic and therapeutic effects of PG extract on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced testicular toxicity in rats. 32 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) were used in the experiment.

Algal and Fungal Antioxidants Alleviate Oxidative Stress-Induced Reproductive Defects.

The intrinsic and extrinsic factors (natural aging, diseases, infections, chemicals, radiation, heavy metals etc.) create oxidative stress, thereby causing reproductive defects in males and females. Similarly, oxidative stress causes the abnormalities in sperm and oocytes, and thus reduces the success of in vitro fertilization.

Protective Effect of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor Rosuvastatin on Doxorubicin-Induced Cognitive Impairment, Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation: Possible Role of CREB, ERK1/2, and BDNF.

During or after chemotherapy, cognitive impairments characterized by forgetfulness, difficulty concentrating, and depressive and anxiety-like symptoms are observed. There is limited research examining the effects of rosuvastatin (RVS), an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, in the context of neuroinflammation-related cognitive disruption. Here, we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective potential of RVS against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cognitive impairments.

Mechanistic insights into the P-coumaric acid protection against bisphenol A-induced hepatotoxicity in in vivo and in silico models.

Bisphenol A (BPA), commonly found in plastic containers and epoxy resins used for food products, presents substantial health risks, particularly in relation to hepatic toxicity. This study investigates BPA-induced liver damage and explores the mechanistic dose-dependent protective effects of P-coumaric acid (PCA). 50 male rats were divided into control, BPA-treated, BPA + PCA50, BPA + PCA100, and PCA100 groups.

Crosstalk between renin and arachidonic acid (and its metabolites).

Renin plays a significant role in the regulation of blood pressure and fluid volume by modulating the renin‒angiotensin‒aldosterone (RAAS) system. Renin suppression reduces serum aldosterone levels and lowers blood pressure in addition to preserving renal function. However, exactly how renin synthesis and action are regulated and how renin suppression preserves renal function are not clear.

Multi-tissue network analysis reveals the effect of JNK inhibition on dietary sucrose-induced metabolic dysfunction in rats.

Excessive consumption of sucrose, in the form of sugar-sweetened beverages, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and other related metabolic syndromes. The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway plays a crucial role in response to dietary stressors, and it was demonstrated that the inhibition of the JNK pathway could potentially be used in the treatment of MAFLD. However, the intricate mechanisms underlying these interventions remain incompletely understood given their multifaceted effects across multiple tissues.

Boric acid impedes glioblastoma growth in a rat model: insights from multi-approach analysis.

Limited advancements in managing malignant brain tumors have resulted in poor prognoses for glioblastoma (GBM) patients. Standard treatment involves surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, which lack specificity and damage healthy brain tissue. Boron-containing compounds, such as boric acid (BA), exhibit diverse biological effects, including anticancer properties.

Multi-omics characterization of improved cognitive functions in Parkinson's disease patients after the combined metabolic activator treatment: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase II trial.

Parkinson's disease is primarily marked by mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities. We recently reported that the combined metabolic activators improved the immunohistochemical parameters and behavioural functions in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease animal models and the cognitive functions in Alzheimer's disease patients. These metabolic activators serve as the precursors of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and glutathione, and they can be used to activate mitochondrial metabolism and eventually treat mitochondrial dysfunction.

In Vivo Evidence for the Preventive Role of Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton in Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer: Focusing on Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Apoptotic Mechanisms.

The present study aimed to unveil the gastroprotective potential of Vaccinium macrocarpon (VM) extract and its mechanism of action against indomethacin (INDO)-induced gastric ulcers in rats. To achieve this goal, rats were pretreated with either omeprazole (20 mg/kg) or VM (100 mg/kg) orally for 14 consecutive days. Gastric tissue samples were collected and various parameters were evaluated to understand the mechanism of VM's action, including the levels of superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione, CAT and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), as well as the mRNA expression levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and inhibitor kappa B (IκB).

Antiproliferative effects of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles obtained from walnut shells by green synthesis method on SH-SY5Y cell line.

Nanoparticles are attracting attention for their potential therapeutic applications, particularly in cancer therapy, underscoring their importance in medicine. Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles, known for their robust catalytic and optical properties, are classified as chalcogenides and show promise for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Neuroblastoma, a common solid tumor in childhood, poses a significant health threat with different outcomes depending on its biological subtype.

Effects of quercetin-immobilized albumin cerium oxide nanoparticles on glutamate toxicity: in vitro study.

One aspect of glutamate (Glut) toxicity may be the opening of the blood-brain barrier to albumin (Al), which in itself can cause nerve cell death. Quercetin (Q) is a polyphenolic substance and has a neuroprotective effect. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs) are highly interested in biological applications due to their antioxidant properties.

Ameliorating effect of S-Allyl cysteine (Black Garlic) on 6-OHDA mediated neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cell line.

Therapeutic approaches based on isolated compounds derived from natural products are more common in preventing diseases involving inflammation and oxidative stress at present. S-allyl cysteine (SAC) is a promising garlic-derived organosulfur compound with many positive effects in cell models and living systems. SAC has biological activity in various fields, enclosing healing in learning and memory disorders, neurotrophic effects, and antioxidant activity.

Trolox Reduces Neuroblastoma-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.

Aim: To determine the effects of different concentrations of Trolox on the cytotoxic, oxidant, antioxidant, and cytokine levels in the SH-SY5Y cell line.

Material And Methods: SH-SY5Y cells were grown in an appropriate medium and under appropriate conditions. Trolox was added to the cell line at concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 μM and incubated for 24 and 48 hours.

Corrigendum to "Cadmium sulfide-induced toxicity in the cortex and cerebellum: and studies"Â [Toxicol. Rep. 7 (2020) 637-648].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.

Neuroprotective effects of L-Dopa-modified zinc oxide nanoparticles on the rat model of 6-OHDA-ınduced Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative case. As the disease progresses, the response time to doses of levodopa (L-Dopa) becomes shorter and the effects of the drug are severely limited by some undesirable side effects such as the 'on-off' phenomenon. In several diseases, including Parkinson's, nanoparticles can deliver antioxidant compounds that reduce oxidative stress.

Engineering bi-layered skin-like nanopads with electrospun nanofibers and chitosan films for promoting fibroblast infiltration in tissue regeneration and wound healing.

This study presents an innovative bi-layered three-dimensional skin-like nanopad (SLN) engineered for skin tissue regeneration. The SLN integrates a mechanically supportive polycaprolactone nanofibrous layer with a functional chitosan hydrogel film, mimicking natural skin. Our SLN exhibits superior flexibility, with a maximum elongation of 751.

Morinda citrifolia protective effects on paclitaxel-induced testis parenchyma toxicity: An experimental study.

The current study aimed to investigate the sensitivity of male testis parenchyma cells to chemotherapy agents and the protective effects and mechanisms of Morinda citrifolia (Noni) administration against structural and functional changes before and after chemotherapy (Paclitaxel (PTX)). For this purpose, rats were randomly assigned into four groups (Control = G1, PTX 5 mg/kg = G2; PTX + Noni 10 mg/kg = G3, PTX + Noni 20 mg/kg = G4). PTX was injected intraperitoneally for 4 consecutive weeks, at a dose of 5 mg/kg to all groups except the control group.

Arbutin abrogates cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity via upregulating Nrf2/HO-1 and suppressing genotoxicity, NF-κB/iNOS/TNF-α and caspase-3/Bax/Bcl2 signaling pathways in rats.

Background: Cisplatin is a potent anticancer agent widely employed in chemotherapy. However, cisplatin leads to toxicity on non-targeted healthy organs, including the liver. We investigated the hepatoprotective mechanism of arbutin (ARB), a glycosylated hydroquinone, against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity.

Combined Metabolic Activators with Different NAD+ Precursors Improve Metabolic Functions in the Animal Models of Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities are acknowledged as significant factors in the onset of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our research has demonstrated that the use of combined metabolic activators (CMA) may alleviate metabolic dysfunctions and stimulate mitochondrial metabolism. Therefore, the use of CMA could potentially be an effective therapeutic strategy to slow down or halt the progression of PD and AD.

Syringic acid guards against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer by alleviating inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of syringic acid, an anti-oxidant, on indomethacin induced gastric ulcers in rats. Experimental groups were control, ulcer, ulcer treated with 20 mg/kg esomeprazole (a proton pump inhibitor that reduces acid secretion), and ulcer treated with 100 mg/kg syringic acid. Rats were pretreated with esomeprazole or syringic acid two weeks before ulcer induction.