B(CF)-Catalyzed Coupling of -Alkyl Arylamines and Alkenes for the Synthesis of Tetrahydroquinolines.

Tetrahydroquinolines are featured in molecules with wide ranging properties, including those with biological activity and materials applications. This report demonstrates that widely accessible -alkyl arylamines can be directly coupled with new classes of alkenes to synthesize tetrahydroquinolines. The reaction is facilitated by a commercially available borane catalyst and enables the creation of novel tetrahydroquinoline scaffolds.

Unveiling a novel S-Box strategy: The dynamic 3D scrambling approach.

A close study about the varied anatomies of the S-Box algorithms published in the literature indicates that no attempt has been made using the notion of 3D. To cement the more cryptographic security, this research article ventures to present a novel S-Box algorithm exploiting the notion of 3D. First of all, the algorithm initializes a 3D scrambled S-Box with the value of -1.

Integrating GANs, Contrastive Learning, and Transformers for Robust Medical Image Analysis.

Despite the widespread success of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in general computer vision tasks, their application to complex medical image analysis faces persistent challenges. These include limited labeled data availability, which restricts model generalization; class imbalance, where minority classes are underrepresented and lead to biased predictions; and inadequate feature representation, since conventional CNNs often struggle to capture subtle patterns and intricate dependencies characteristic of medical imaging. To address these limitations, we propose CTNGAN, a unified framework that integrates generative modeling with Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), contrastive learning, and Transformer architectures to enhance the robustness and accuracy of medical image analysis.

Assessment of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) Target Attainment in High-Risk Patients Receiving Statin Plus Ezetimibe Therapy: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction Achieving optimal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction in high-risk patients remains a challenge, even with combination lipid-lowering therapy. This study evaluated LDL-C target attainment (≤70 mg/dL per European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society (ESC/EAS) 2019 guidelines) in high-risk patients receiving statin plus ezetimibe therapy at a single tertiary care center in Peshawar, Pakistan. Methodology A retrospective analysis of a cross-sectional dataset was conducted at Hayatabad Medical Complex (HMC) over 12 months.

Comparative Outcomes of Multiarterial Versus Single Arterial Grafting in Patients with Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Ischemic cardiomyopathy with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction presents considerable outcome-related challenges, even with the development of surgical revascularization. Coronary artery bypass grafting continues to be a key therapy, yet the best grafting technique, single arterial grafting (SAG) versus multiarterial grafting (MAG) for patients with reduced EF, is uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the comparative outcomes of MAG versus SAG in this high-risk group.

Intravenous thrombolysis as an adjunct to endovascular thrombectomy in acute basilar artery occlusion: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis.

Acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) is a rare but devastating type of ischemic stroke that significantly impacts outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combining IVT with EVT (EVT + IVT) versus EVT alone in treating acute BAO, focusing on functional independence, mortality, reperfusion success, and hemorrhagic and procedural complications. We conducted a comprehensive search up to May 2025.

Temporal Trends in Cardiovascular Mortality in Underlying Viral Hepatitis: A Retrospective Analysis of Gender, Racial/Ethnic, and Regional Disparities.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate contemporary trends in mortality related to cardiovascular disease and viral hepatitis.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis using data from the CDC-WONDER dataset. Our study cohort consisted of adults aged ≥ 15 years, where both cardiovascular disease and viral hepatitis were identified as an underlying or contributory cause of death between 1999 and 2020.

Colorectal cancer unmasked: A synergistic AI framework for Hyper-granular image dissection, precision segmentation, and automated diagnosis.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, underscoring the necessity for computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) systems that are interpretable, accurate, and robust. This study presents a practical CADx system that combines Vision Transformers (ViTs) and DeepLabV3 + to accurately identify and segment colorectal lesions in colonoscopy images.The system addresses class balance and real-world complexity with PCA-based dimensionality reduction, data augmentation, and strategic preprocessing using recently curated CKHK-22 dataset comprising more than 14,000 annotated images of CVC-ClinicDB, Kvasir-2, and Hyper-Kvasir.

Network-Driven Methods Using Gene Expression Signatures to Find Therapeutic Targets in Breast Cancer Validated via Molecular Dynamics Studies.

Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cause of cancer in women and the most common kind of cancer diagnosed with a high mortality rate. This heterogeneous disease is classified into multiple subtypes based on the expression of key biomarkers, including human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), estrogen receptor (ER), and progesterone receptor (PR). These biomarkers have significantly transformed breast cancer treatment and played a crucial role in improving the patient prognosis.

Salinity Stress in Rice: Multilayered Approaches for Sustainable Tolerance.

Salt accumulation in arable lands causes significant abiotic stress, resulting in a 10% loss in global arable land area and jeopardizing food production and agricultural sustainability. In order to attain high and sustainable food production, it is imperative to enhance traditional agricultural practices with modern technology to enable the restoration of arable lands afflicted by salinity. This review consolidates recent rice-specific advancements aimed at enhancing salt stress resilience through integrated strategies.

Electrospun polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethyl cellulose loaded with Asphaltum Punjabianum (Shilajit) nanofibrous mats for potential cartilage regeneration applications.

Current developments in tissue engineering methods and conventional implants continue to face challenges in tackling the complex avascular characteristics of articular cartilage, hindering effective repair and tissue regeneration. To overcome these challenges, this study primarily aims to achieve a synergistic solution by processing Asphaltum Punjabianum (Shilajit) incorporated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) nanofibrous mats through electrospinning. The processed electrospun fibers were comprehensively analyzed through scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), antimicrobial assay, degradation studies, surface roughness measurements, rheological studies, and assessment of cell viability.

MRI based early Temporal Lobe Epilepsy detection using DGWO based optimized HAETN and Fuzzy-AAL Segmentation Framework (FASF).

This work aims to promote early and accurate diagnosis of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) by developing state-of-the-art deep learning techniques, with the goal of minimizing the consequences of epilepsy on individuals and society. Current approaches for TLE detection have drawbacks, including applicability to particular MRI sequences, moderate ability to determine the side of the onset zones, and weak cross-validation with different patient groups, which hampers their practical use. To overcome these difficulties, a new Hybrid Attention-Enhanced Transformer Network (HAETN) is introduced for early TLE diagnosis.

Securing digital images: A chaos-driven scrambling algorithm using the Rössler system.

A wide range of mathematical constructs, theories, and algorithms have been leveraged by cryptographers to secure valuable and sensitive digital images. Among these, image encryption based on scrambling algorithms has been extensively utilized. These scrambling techniques operate on 1D, 2D, and 3D constructs, relying on pixel-level swapping to enhance security.

Combined sodium alginate and glutathione treatment delays water chestnut (Trapa natans L.) browning by regulating oxidative stress and ascorbate glutathione cycle.

Water chestnut (WCN) is an aquatic corm vegetable that is widely enjoyed as a peeled commodity, but it is prone to post-peeling surface browning. The browning of the WCN surface negatively affects its overall quality, and consumer acceptance. In this work, the effects of sodium alginate (SAC [1.

Comparison of Prophylactic Transcatheter Arterial Embolization and Standard Therapy in High-Risk Non-Variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: Rebleeding is a major challenge and a serious complication of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB). Prophylactic transcatheter arterial embolization (P-TAE) has emerged as a potential management strategy for high-risk cases. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of P-TAE compared with no embolization (NE) in the absence of angiographic evidence of bleeding or therapeutic arterial embolization (TAE).

Enhancing IANB success: Panoramic guidance for locating mandibular foramen.

Objectives: To explore the spatial relationship of the mandibular foramen with occlusal plane and the anterior border of the ramus using orthopantomograms.

Methods: The cross-sectional, observational retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from June 1 to December 1, 2023, and comprised panoramic radiographs containing both mandibular molars of patients aged 18-65 years. Reference points included the anterior border of the ramus, the most anterior-superior point of the mandibular foramen, and the occlusal plane.

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) Agonists for Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis With Inadequate Response to Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Objective: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists are agents used for patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) who do not respond to conventional agents like ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). This meta-analysis aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of PPAR agonists, including fibrates and selective PPAR agonists, on biochemical response and safety outcomes in patients with primary biliary cholangitis who were non-responders to UDCA.

Methods: We searched various electronic databases, including MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.

Comprehensive Review on Hair Loss and Restorative Techniques: Advances in Diagnostic, Artistry, and Surgical Innovation.

Hair loss, or alopecia, is a complex disorder that impacts individuals worldwide, frequently resulting in significant psychological and social consequences. This review analyzes the multifactorial etiology, recent diagnostic innovations, and emerging treatment alternatives for hair loss management. Alopecia is classified into the cicatricial (scarring) and non-cicatricial (non-scarring) forms, each having a unique underlying pathogenesis, ranging from autoimmune dysregulation, androgenetic mechanisms, and environmental factors.

Utilizing spent mushroom substrate biochar to improve Zea mays L. growth and biochemical resilience against cadmium and chromium toxicity.

Heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils is a growing environmental concern, particularly due to the increasing accumulation of cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) from industrial discharge, wastewater irrigation, and excessive fertilizer use. These toxic metals severely impact crop productivity by disrupting nutrient uptake, damaging root structures, and inducing oxidative stress, which collectively inhibit plant growth and development. Maize (Zea mays L.

Effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique in patients with Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction: A systematic review.

The Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) dysfunction of myogenic origin is prevalent in present time which has been treated with various therapeutic approaches including manual therapy techniques like the Muscle Energy Technique (MET), whose effects require further exploration. Hence, this systematic review aims to assess the efficacy of the same in TMJ dysfunction patients. The database search was executed under MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), Cochrane Library followed by data extraction for the included studies with the keywords relevant to the search with publications done from inception to March 2025, followed by data synthesis and assessment of methodological quality and Risk of Bias assessment using Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) and Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB 2.

Resistance profiles of isolates against frequently used antibiotics at private sector laboratories in Jordan.

Background And Objectives: is one of the most important pathogens, responsible for a range of infections. This study aimed to assess resistance patterns in isolates obtained from certain private-sector laboratories against commonly used antimicrobial agents.

Materials And Methods: The process involved collecting various samples from several private laboratories and then identifying isolates using biochemical characterization.