Lactobacillus sakei CVL-001 Inhibits Osteoclast Differentiation Through TLR2 and GPCR-Dependent Pathways and Prevents Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Mice.

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a common bone disease characterized by bone loss due to the disruption of bone homeostasis caused by decreased estrogen levels. It is estimated that approximately one third of women over the age of 50 will experience osteoporosis in their lifetime. Therefore, developing functional foods or treatments that can be safely consumed to prevent bone disease is essential.

The sesquiterpene lactone estafiatin exerts an anti-inflammatory effect against Mycobacterium abscessus infection by regulating interleukin-1 beta production.

Background: Mycobacterium abscessus, a species of non-tuberculous mycobacteria, is known to induce chronic pulmonary inflammation in humans. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a critical role in the maturation of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and the initiation of pyroptosis. However, excessive activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome during M.

Lactobacillus plantarum NCHBL-004 modulates high-fat diet-induced weight gain and enhances GLP-1 production for blood glucose regulation.

Objectives: This study investigated the therapeutic potential of Lactobacillus plantarum NCHBL-004 (NCHBL-004) in the treatment of obesity and associated metabolic disorders.

Methods: Mice were fed either a normal diet (ND) or a high-fat diet (HFD) with oral administration of NCHBL-004. After euthanasia, blood, liver and adipose tissue were collected.

Investigating the Immune-Stimulating Potential of β-Glucan from in Cancer Immunotherapy.

β-glucan, a polysaccharide found in various sources, exhibits unique physicochemical properties, yet its high polymerization limits clinical applications because of its solubility. Addressing this limitation, we introduce PPTEE-glycan, a highly purified soluble β-1,3/1,6-glucan derived from . The refined PPTEE-glycan demonstrated robust immune stimulation , activated dendritic cells, and enhanced co-stimulatory markers, cytokines, and cross-presentation.

Water Extract of Desalted Inhibits RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation and Prevents Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Mice.

Osteoporosis, which is often associated with increased osteoclast activity due to menopause or aging, was the main focus of this study. We investigated the inhibitory effects of water extract of desalted L. (WSE) on osteoclast differentiation and bone loss in ovariectomized mice.

Identification of Micrococcin P2-Derivatives as Antibiotic Candidates against Two Gram-Positive Pathogens.

Thiopeptides exhibit potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive pathogens by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. Micrococcins are among the structurally simpler thiopeptides, but they have not been exploited in detail. This research involved a computational simulation of micrococcin P2 (MP2) docking in parallel with the structure-activity relationship (SAR) studied.

Ethanol extract of inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome by suppressing ASC oligomerization in macrophages.

() is used in traditional East Asian medicine for the treatment of various diseases, including inflammatory disease. However, it has remained unclear whether extracts of inhibit inflammasome activation in macrophages. The present study assessed the inhibitory effect of an ethanol extract of (CZE) on the activation of the inflammasome in macrophages and the underlying mechanism.

D-galactose Intake Alleviates Atopic Dermatitis in Mice by Modulating Intestinal Microbiota.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most prevalent, chronic and persistent inflammatory skin diseases closely associated with intestinal microbiota. To evaluate the effect of D-galactose intake on AD, we orally administered D-galactose to BALB/c mice whose ears and skin were treated with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). D-galactose alleviated DNCB-induced AD-like phenotypes such as redness, scaling/dryness and excoriation.

Type I Interferons Are Involved in the Intracellular Growth Control of by Mediating NOD2-Induced Production of Nitric Oxide in Macrophages.

(MAB) is one of the rapidly growing, multidrug-resistant non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) causing various diseases including pulmonary disorder. Although it has been known that type I interferons (IFNs) contribute to host defense against bacterial infections, the role of type I IFNs against MAB infection is still unclear. In the present study, we show that rIFN-β treatment reduced the intracellular growth of MAB in macrophages.

WFDC2 Promotes Spasmolytic Polypeptide-Expressing Metaplasia Through the Up-Regulation of IL33 in Response to Injury.

Background & Aims: WAP 4-disulfide core domain protein 2 (WFDC2), also known as human epididymis protein 4, is a small secretory protein that is highly expressed in fibrosis and human cancers, particularly in the ovaries, lungs, and stomach. However, the role of WFDC2 in carcinogenesis is not fully understood. The present study aimed to investigate the role of WFDC2 in gastric carcinogenesis with the use of preneoplastic metaplasia models.

Melatonin Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Mice by Regulating PRMT1-Mediated Signaling.

Melatonin, a pineal gland hormone, has been suggested to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis due to its inhibitory effect on osteoclast differentiation. We previously reported that protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) was an important mediator of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis. However, the relationship between melatonin and PRMT1 in osteoclast differentiation and estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis is unclear.

Receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 contributes to host innate immune responses against Fusobacterium nucleatum in macrophages and decidual stromal cells.

Problem: Chorioamnionitis is caused by a bacterial infection that ascends from the vagina and can cause adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is a periodontal pathogen associated with the occurrence of APOs.

Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 contributes to the development of allergic rhinitis by promoting the production of epithelial-derived cytokines.

Background: Arginine methylation is a posttranslational modification mediated by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). Although previous studies have shown that PRMT1 contributes to the severity of allergic airway inflammation or asthma, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the role of PRMT1 and its relevant mechanism in the development of allergic rhinitis (AR).

Cathelicidin-related Antimicrobial Peptide Contributes to Host Immune Responses Against Pulmonary Infection with in Mice.

is known for its multidrug antibiotic resistance. New approaches to treating drug-resistant bacterial infections are urgently required. Cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) is a murine antimicrobial peptide that exerts diverse immune functions, including both direct bacterial cell killing and immunomodulatory effects.

Water extract of tendril of Duch. suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by down-regulating p38 and ERK signaling.

Pumpkin () is a natural product that is commonly used in folk medicine. However, the inhibitory effect and molecular mechanisms of tendril of Duch. (TCMD) on osteoclast differentiation have yet to be clearly elucidated.

IL-10 Protects Mice From the Lung Infection of and Contributes to Bacterial Clearance by Regulating STAT3-Mediated MARCO Expression in Macrophages.

Interleukin-10 plays important, yet contrasting, roles in host protection against bacterial infections and in the septic response. To determine the role of IL-10 in the host defense against infection, wild-type (WT) and IL-10-deficient mice were infected intranasally with the bacteria. IL-10-deficient mice exhibited increased mortality, severe pathology, and excess production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the lungs, and increased bacterial burdens in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids and lung homogenates after infection, compared to WT mice.

ESAT6 Drives the Activation and Maturation of Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells via TLR4-Mediated Signaling.

6-kDa early secretory antigenic target (ESAT6), a virulent factor of , is involved in immune regulation. However, the underlying mechanism behind the activation and maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) by ESAT6 remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect on TLRs signaling on the regulation of ESAT6-induced activation and maturation of DCs.

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 is dispensable for host immune responses against pulmonary infection of in mice.

Nucleotide-binding domain 1 (Nod1) is a cytosolic receptor that is responsible for the recognition of a bacterial peptidoglycan motif containing -diaminophimelic acid. In this study, we sought to identify the role of Nod1 in host defense against pulmonary infection by multidrug resistant . Wildtype (WT) and Nod1-deficient mice were intranasally infected with 3×10 CFU of and sacrificed at 1 and 3 days post-infection (dpi).

PRMT1 mediates RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and contributes to bone loss in ovariectomized mice.

Protein arginine methylation is a novel form of posttranslational modification mediated by protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMTs). PRMT1, a major isoform of the PRMT family, is responsible for various biological functions, including cellular differentiation. Although the important function that PRMT1 plays in various tissues is being increasingly recognized, its role in receptor activation of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis or osteoporosis has not yet been described.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT6 induces IFN-β gene expression in Macrophages via TLRs-mediated signaling.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a highly virulent bacterium that causes tuberculosis. It infects about one third of the world's population. Type I interferons (IFNs) play a detrimental role in host defense against M.

Inhibitory effect of 1‑tetradecanol on Helicobacter pylori‑induced production of interleukin‑8 and vascular endothelial growth factor in gastric epithelial cells.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection activates pro‑inflammatory mediators, including interleukin (IL)‑8 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in gastric epithelial cells. 1‑Tetradecanol (1‑TD) has been purified from Dendropanax morbifera Leveille; its physiological activities are poorly understood.