Survival of Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients Increases in the Early Years of Dialysis: Comparison of Parametric Frailty Survival Models.

Background: Previous studies on the survival of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients have been done using the Cox model. This model requires establishing the basic assumption of proportional hazard (PH) and not establishing it leads to misleading inferences. Alternatively, if the time-to-event distribution is known, accelerated failure time models can be developed in such a way that no PH assumption is required.

In Vitro Antimalarial Activity of Chloroquine-Crocus Sativus Conjugated to Chitosan Nanocomposits against 3D7 and K1 Strains of .

Background: The use of nanocarriers in combination with other treatments shows significant promise in addressing drug-resistant diseases, particularly malaria. Given the high prevalence of drug-resistant malaria, research into innovative therapies is crucial. This study focuses on a nanoform of chitosan, a biodegradable polymer, combined with (saffron) and chloroquine to enhance their antimalarial effects.

Isolation and genetic profiling of Yersinia enterocolitica strains from diarrheal samples of Iranian children under 5: PCR ribotyping insights.

Yersinia enterocolitica is a common pathogen between humans and animals and is one of the important bacterial pathogens causing gastrointestinal diseases worldwide. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of Y. enterocolitica in diarrhea of children under 5 years of age and to identify the isolates in terms of bioserotypes, virulence factors, antimicrobial sensitivity, and genetic diversity.

Investigation of Multifunctionality of Electrospun Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanofiber Membranes Incorporating Boric Acid and Nanoencapsulated Curcumin: Filtration Performance, Antibacterial Activity, and Environmental Impact.

Nanofibrous structures have a wide range of applications, including air filtration for fine particles. This study fabricated bead-free nanofiber membranes from aqueous poly-(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and PVA/boric acid (BA) solutions containing varying concentrations of nanoencapsulated curcumin (CUR) using the electrospinning method to investigate filtration performance against aerosols and bioaerosols, antibacterial activity, mechanical properties, and biodegradability. The prepared membranes were morphologically examined using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM).

Anti-Malarial Activity of Nano Tannic Acid MgO Extract Alone and Combined with Chloroquine against .

Background: The global rise in malaria parasite resistance to antimalarial drugs necessitates new therapeutic strategies. Medicinal plant extracts, long used in traditional malaria treatment, have shown antiplasmodial potential in recent studies. This study investigated the effects of nano tannic acid MgO (NTA MgO) and chloroquine (CQ), both individually and in combination, on a chloroquine-sensitive strain.

Analysis of Birth Growth: Using a Mixture Cure Frailty Model.

Background: The birth rate is important in population growth. Concerns are growing over declining birth rates in Iran, as a developing country in the past decade. The present study aimed to examine population growth in Hamadan and the factors influencing the birth rate.

Predicting the Effect of Temperature Changes on Activity, as the Main Vector of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Iran.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) represents a significant vector-borne disease in Iran. Our study examined the status of zoonotic CL (ZCL) in the country and forecasted the influence of global climate change on the monthly activity of , the main vector of ZCL in the country. To predict the impact of climate change on the monthly activity of , we obtained the monthly average minimum and maximum temperatures for both the reference and future periods, using the MIROC6 model and two different shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) scenarios.

Phylogenetic and Mutational Analysis of the Tax Gene in the Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1-Associated HAM/TSP in Comparison with Asymptomatic Careers.

Background: Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) is a member of the Retroviridae family that can cause two groups of diseases: HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Despite HTLV having seven different subtypes, cosmopolitan subtype A is responsible for most HTLV-1-related disorders and is the most widely dispersed type globally, including in the Middle East, known to be an endemic area for the virus. Therefore, due to the importance of determining the subtypes of this virus, we aimed to explore the subtypes of HTLV-1 in Iran.

Seasonal variation of airborne fungal diversity and community structure in Urmia Lake, Iran.

A study conducted around Urmia Lake, Iran, investigated the impact of dust storms on fungal concentrations in the air. Researchers collected samples over a year, analyzing fungal variations during dusty and normal days.  The average fungal concentration was found to be 436.

Experiences of COVID-19 survivors and their families: A qualitative study based on social cognitive theory.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused social and economic damages, increased mortality rates, and psychological damages such as fear, stress, anxiety, and depression. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the perceptions and experiences of COVID-19 survivors diagnosed with anxiety and depression, along with one of their family members in Ahvaz.

Materials And Methods: A qualitative study was conducted on 50 COVID-19 survivors and their family members using an in-depth interview and a purposive sampling method in 2022.

Distribution of fungal agents in the respiratory system of patients with underlying lung diseases; molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility profiles.

Background And Objectives: Airway fungal infection is a severe clinical problem, especially in patients with compromised immune functions. Here, we examined the distribution and antifungal susceptibility profiles of fungal agents isolated from respiratory tract of symptomatic patients hospitalized in pulmonary units.

Materials And Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study took place from 2023 to 2024, involving 360 patients.

Correction: The Targeted Maximum Likelihood estimation to estimate the causal effects of the previous tuberculosis treatment in Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Sudan.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Ameliorative effects of Akkermansia muciniphila on anxiety-like behavior and cognitive deficits in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the primary neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly, lacking a definitive treatment. The gut microbiota influences the gut-brain axis by aiding in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis development and neuromodulator production. Research links AD and gut microbiota, suggesting gut microbiota regulation could be a therapeutic approach for AD.

The Effect of "Motivational Interviewing" and "Information, Motivation, and Behavioral Skills Model" Counseling Interventions on the Choice of Delivery Mode in Pregnant Women Using Face-to-Face Training vs. Mobile App: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To investigate the impact of counseling interventions, using face-to-face training vs. mobile app for choosing mode of delivery.

Design: A four-armed, randomized, controlled parallel-design trial.

Knowledge, attitude and practice of healthcare providers on mistreatment of women during labour and childbirth: A cross-sectional study in Tehran, Iran, 2021.

Background: Mistreatment of women during childbirth is a global health challenge. Maternity healthcare providers play a key role in influencing women's birth experience. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of healthcare providers regarding mistreatment of women during labour and childbirth in public hospitals in Tehran, Iran.

Assessing seropositivity of MMR antibodies in individuals aged 2-22: evaluating routine vaccination effectiveness after the 2003 mass campaign-a study from Iran's National Measles Laboratory.

Background And Purpose: The seroprevalence of antibodies against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) was evaluated 17 years following a mass vaccination campaign in individuals aged 2 to 22 years who had received routine immunization but were not eligible for an extended immunization program.

Methods: Samples were acquired from Iran's National Measles Laboratory (NML), with individuals showing positive IgM results excluded. Out of the samples collected in 2020, a random selection of 290 serum samples was chosen, representing individuals between the ages of 2 and 22 years from diverse regions in the country.

Situational analysis of general practitioners using a forecasting approach until 2025 and a multi-state Markov model: A retrospective longitudinal study.

Introduction: Undesirable working conditions, insufficient professional development and other labour market pressures have significantly impacted the status of general practitioners (GPs). This study aimed to conduct a situational analysis of GPs in Iran using a forecasting approach until 2025.

Methods: Data were collected concurrently through direct contact, data matching among databases and tracking among graduates from four clusters of medical science universities over the past decade.

Challenges to the implementation of a multi-level intervention to reduce mistreatment of women during childbirth in Iran: a qualitative study using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

Background: Mistreatment during childbirth is a growing concern worldwide, especially in developing countries, such as Iran. In response, we launched a comprehensive implementation research (IR) project to reduce mistreatment during childbirth and enhance positive birth experiences in birth facilities. This study identified the challenges of implementing a multi-level intervention to reduce mistreatment of women during childbirth using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).

Evaluation of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), angiotensin II (Ang II), miR-141-3p, and miR-421 levels in SARS-CoV-2 patients: a case-control study.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious virus that uses angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a pivotal member of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), as its cell-entry receptor. Another member of the RAS, angiotensin II (Ang II), is the major biologically active component in this system. There is growing evidence suggesting that serum miRNAs could serve as prognostic biomarkers for SARS-CoV-2 infection and regulate ACE2 expression.