Toward Imaging of the GABA Transporter Type 1 In Vivo: Quantitative Evaluation of 4 Novel PET Radiotracers in Nonhuman Primates.

The main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system is γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA transporter type 1 (GAT-1) is the principal GABA transporter in the brain, and it plays a crucial role in modulating GABA signaling. Its potential role in several neuropsychiatric disorders makes it an important target to study.

Clinical psychedelic research in adolescents: a scoping review and overview of ethical considerations.

The potential use of psychedelic-assisted therapy for adolescents with mental illness has sparked both interest and concern. Modern psychedelic research has focused on adults, and adolescents younger than 18 years are typically excluded due to ethical and legal challenges. To explore whether adolescents have been included in 21st century psychedelic research, we conducted a scoping review of the medical literature from January, 2000, to April, 2025.

Financial instability, insurance, and transportation influence timely head and neck cancer care in the United States: Patient and healthcare worker perspectives.

Introduction: Delays in head and neck cancer (HNC) diagnosis and treatment and financial burdens of care are often rooted in social determinants of health (SDOH), such as financial instability, socioeconomic status (SES), health insurance status, and transportation barriers. While these factors are well recognized, their underlying impact on access to care remains underexplored; this qualitative study aims to investigate how these SDOH facilitate or hinder HNC care through insights from patients and healthcare workers (HCWs) in the United States, to identify targets for intervention.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients with newly diagnosed HNC, and HCWs caring for these patients, between June 2022 and July 2023.

Load leveling as a strategy to enhance emergency department throughput.

Study Objectives: Emergency Department (ED) crowding is recognized as a national crisis. Load-leveling is the process of transferring patients between campuses in the same hospital system for admission to redistribute patient capacity. Our study evaluates the impact of this load-leveling on ED throughput from the transferred patient perspective and on ED operations to evaluate operational benefits and drawbacks.

Effective preclinical activity of datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd), an ADC targeting trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (TROP2), against primary cervical carcinoma cell lines and xenografts.

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most prevalent and deadly cancers worldwide. Here we demonstrate the preclinical pharmacology of Dato-DXd, a TROP2-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), against primary cervical cancer cell lines and xenografts.

Methods: Primary cervical cancer cell lines with differential TROP2 expression were identified by flow cytometry.

Classification of recurrence patterns in surgically treated non-small cell lung cancer - A systematic review and a call for standardization.

Background: Despite significant advancements in early detection and treatment, cancer recurrence remains a major challenge, affecting 30-55 % of patients within two years following surgery. Tumor recurrence is commonly classified as local, locoregional, regional or distant, yet a unified consensus on these definitions is still lacking.

Materials And Methods: A systematic review of the recent literature (2020-2024) was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines to collect site-specific recurrence definitions.

Evidence for coopetition at the maternal-fetal interface shaping placental invasion.

Coopetition is a term from game theory that describes a mix of cooperative and competitive behavior. The maternal-fetal interface (MFI) among eutherian mammals presents close interaction of two distinct individuals. These interactions have resulted in a remarkable diversity in MFI structure, often interpreted as the outcome of maternal-fetal conflict.

Topology and kinetic pathways of colloidosome assembly and disassembly.

Closed capsules, such as lipid vesicles, soap bubbles, and emulsion droplets, are ubiquitous throughout biology, engineered matter, and everyday life. Their creation and disintegration are defined by a singularity that separates a topologically distinct extended liquid film from a boundary-free closed shell. Such topology-changing processes are of fundamental interest.

Are We Choosing and Training the Best Surgeons?

The U.S. orthopaedic surgery residency match is among the most competitive in medicine; in 2024, 40% of applicants were unmatched.

Impact of clinical pathways on enhancing compliance with evidence-based therapies for Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction-A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Heart failure (HF) mortality is rising despite robust evidence-based guidelines. Hospitalization presents an opportune time to optimize care. Inpatient care pathways (CP) embedded in the electronic health record (EHR) can enhance adherence to guidelines by providing real-time decision support.

Biased and Inflexible Interpretations of Social Situations Predict Affect Intensity and Variability in Children and Adolescents.

Adolescence is a developmental period characterized by heightened emotionality. Past research indicated that the biased interpretation of social situations (i.e.

Association of cerebrospinal fluid FGF21 with sleep quality in Chinese adults.

Objective: This study aimed to examine whether FGF21 levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma are associated with sleep quality, as measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores, and to assess the correlation between FGF21 levels and sleep disorder severity.

Methods: We recruited 90 Chinese adult males undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery, gathering sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Sleep quality was assessed using the PSQI, and CSF samples were obtained for FGF21 analysis.

The relationship of smoking and unhealthy alcohol use to HIV care retention and viral suppression: findings from a multi-site cohort study.

Objectives: Tobacco smoking and alcohol use may negatively influence HIV care, but associations have not been examined across cohorts.

Design: Multisite international collaboration of cohort studies.

Methods: People with HIV (PWH) were included from 11 cohorts; 5 North American and 6 Western European.

Expandable, But at What Cost? Failure Patterns in Corpectomy Cages from 373 Real-World Adverse Events.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the failure patterns of expandable corpectomy cages.

Summary Of Background Data: Expandable corpectomy cages offer significant advantages for anterior column reconstruction but introduce unique mechanical complexities.

Mechanistic basis for a novel dual-function Gag-Pol dimerizer potentiating CARD8 inflammasome activation and clearance of HIV-infected cells.

A strategy to functionally cure AIDS by eliminating latent HIV-1 reservoirs involves non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) that promote pyroptosis of HIV-1 infected cells. These NNRTIs stimulate dimerization of the Gag-Pol polyprotein, resulting in premature HIV-1 protease (PR) dimerization and cleavage of intracellular CARD8. A unique cell-based high-throughput screen was developed to identify potent compounds activating the CARD8 inflammasome through Gag-Pol dimerization.

Circulating TNF-α levels in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis and comparison to TNF-α levels in sepsis.

Background: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune conditions and sepsis. Although anti-TNF-α therapies have demonstrated clinical efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), there is no established evidence for benefit in patients with sepsis.

Objectives: We sought to quantify circulating TNF-α in patients with RA and compare results to TNF-α levels in sepsis.

Weight bias and preparedness to treat higher-weight patients: Understanding the role of motivation to respond without weight-based prejudice among resident physicians.

Weight stigma is widely recognized as a significant concern in healthcare. Studies indicate that as medical trainees advance through their training, their levels of weight bias may intensify. Such prejudices can lead to inferior care for higher-weight patients, underscoring the urgency for research that identifies factors that are protective against the development of weight bias.

A Case of Illness Following a Bite by a Male Lone Star Tick ( Linnaeus) Infected With sp. and in Connecticut, United States.

The lone star tick ( Linnaeus) is a species commonly found in the southeastern U.S., but in recent years its populations have expanded northward, resulting in an increased risk of tick-borne pathogen transmission in the Northeast.

Revealing Substitutional Oxygen as the Dominant Defect in Flux-Grown Transition Metal Diselenides.

Advancing both the fundamental understanding and technological application of two-dimensional semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) hinges on precise control and identification of atomic-scale defects. Although self-flux growth yields exceptionally pure TMD crystals, the nature of residual defects has remained an open question. Here, we use scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to directly image and identify point defects in both monolayer and bulk self-flux grown WSe.

A Federal Demonstration Project of Money Management Services for Veterans at Risk of Homelessness.

With funding provided by the American Rescue Plan Act and support from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), in 2023 more than $2.

Genetics of SSRI Antidepressant Use and Relationship to Psychiatric and Medical Traits.

Antidepressants are among the most-prescribed drugs worldwide, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are among the most prescribed antidepressants, most commonly used for major depression. We sought to increase our understanding of the biological relationships between SSRI use and a range of psychiatric traits by conducting a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in two large datasets, the UK Biobank (UKB) and the US Million Veteran Program (MVP). GWAS was conducted across 22 autosomes and the X chromosome in 777,952 individuals of European ancestry (191,800 SSRI users, 586,152 controls) and 112,526 individuals of African ancestry (53,499 SSRI users, 59,027 controls).

"He said he could take his own advice:" Stigmatizing language in notes documenting discharges against medical advice.

Background: Against medical advice (AMA) discharges are associated with adverse clinical outcomes and can be stigmatizing to patients. Most prior work has described patient characteristics associated with AMA discharges, with little attention to interpersonal clinician-patient dynamics that culminate in a discharge being designated AMA.

Objective: To describe clinical documentation about patients whose hospitalizations ended in an AMA discharge, attending to both what was written and how it was written.

Training of physical neural networks.

Physical neural networks (PNNs) are a class of neural-like networks that make use of analogue physical systems to perform computations. Although at present confined to small-scale laboratory demonstrations, PNNs could one day transform how artificial intelligence (AI) calculations are performed. Could we train AI models many orders of magnitude larger than present ones? Could we perform model inference locally and privately on edge devices? Research over the past few years has shown that the answer to these questions is probably "yes, with enough research".