Examining racial differences in the network structure and properties of specific cognitive domains among older adults.

Older adults oftentimes experience cognitive aging which leads to varying degrees of cognitive impairment. Previous studies have found that racial and ethnic disparities exist in the prevalence and severity of cognitive impairment among older adults. Yet, little is known on the relationship among specific cognitive domains and how this relationship differs between African American and White older adults.

Impact of Dementia on Incidence and Severity of Postoperative Pulmonary Complications Following Hip Fracture Surgery Among Older Patients.

Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are the leading cause of death following hip fracture surgery. Dementia has been identified as a PPC risk factor that complicates the clinical course. By leveraging electronic health records, this retrospective observational study evaluated the impact of dementia on the incidence and severity of PPCs, hospital length of stay, and postoperative 30-day mortality among 875 older patients (≥65 years) who underwent hip fracture surgery between October 1, 2015 and December 31, 2018 at a health system in the southeastern United States.

The application of clique percolation method in health disparities research.

Aims: Clique percolation, one of the joint community detection algorithms in network science, is a novel and efficient approach to detecting overlapping communities in real networks. The current study illustrated how clique percolation can help to identify overlapping communities within the complex networks underlying health disparities, particularly highlighting nodes with strong associations with more than one community.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Show Your Work: Responsible Model Reporting in Health Care Artificial Intelligence.

Standardized and thorough model reporting is an integral component in the development and deployment of machine learning models in health care. Model reporting includes sharing multiple model performance metrics and incorporating metadata to provide the necessary context for model evaluation. Thorough model reporting addresses common concerns about artificial intelligence in health care including model explainability, transparency, fairness, and generalizability.

An osmium(II) methane complex: Elucidation of the methane coordination mode.

The activation of inert C─H bonds by transition metals is of considerable industrial and academic interest, but important gaps remain in our understanding of this reaction. We report the first experimental determination of the structure of the simplest hydrocarbon, methane, when bound as a ligand to a homogenous transition metal species. We find that methane binds to the metal center in this system through a single M···H-C bridge; changes in the coupling constants indicate clearly that the structure of the methane ligand is significantly perturbed relative to the free molecule.

Transitions in Social Networks From Young-Old to Old-Old Stage of Life Using Latent Transition Analysis.

This study aimed to identify the different types of social networks among young-old adults, and to examine the transitions in social networks as they become old-old adults. This is a secondary data analysis using the longitudinal data ( = 1092) from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project. Latent class analysis was conducted to identify optimal number of classes and latent transition analysis was conducted to examine the transition probabilities.

An Examination of the Non-linear Relationship Between Cognition and Total Hemoglobin Among the Cognitively Normal Older Adults by Gender.

This exploratory study aimed to identify the potential non-linear relationship between hemoglobin (Hgb) and cognition among cognitively normal older adults and how this relationship differs in terms of gender in generalized additive models (GAM). This is a secondary data analysis using Wave II (2010-2011) data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project. A generalized additive model was used to understand the non-linear relationship between Hgb and cognition, and to identify critical Hgb point related to cognition.

Student Perceptions of a Framework for Facilitating Transfer from Lessons to Exams, and the Relevance of This Framework to Published Lessons.

A main goal of academic courses is to help students acquire knowledge and skills that they can transfer to multiple contexts. In this article, we (i) examine students' responses to test question templates (TQTs), a framework intended to facilitate transfer, and (ii) determine whether similar transfer-promoting strategies are commonly embedded in published biology lessons. In study 1, in surveys administered over several academic quarters, students consistently reported that TQTs helped them transfer course content to exams and the real world; that multiple (two to five) examples were generally needed to understand a given TQT, leading >40% students to create their own additional examples; and that TQTs would be helpful in other science courses.

Inequitable care delivery toward COVID-19 positive people of color and people with disabilities.

This study aimed to explore provider observations of inequitable care delivery towards COVID-19 positive patients who are Black, Indigenous, and Other People of Color (BIPOC) and/or have disabilities and to identify ways the health workforce may be contributing to and compounding inequitable care. We conducted semi-structured interviews between April and November 2021 with frontline healthcare providers from Washington, Florida, Illinois, and New York. Using thematic analysis, major themes related to discriminatory treatment included decreased care, delayed care, and fewer options for care.

Networks of C-reactive protein and depression symptoms in patients with stable coronary heart disease: Findings from the Heart and Soul Study.

Objective: Research addressing the associations between C-reactive protein (CRP) and depression among patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD) has produced inconsistent results. This might be attributable to varying associations of CRP with specific depression symptom profiles. We responded to this challenge using various network analysis techniques.

What does non-standard employment look like in the United States? An empirical typology of employment quality.

Despite significant interest in the changing nature of employment as a critical social and economic challenge facing society-especially the decline in the so-called Standard Employment Relationship (SER) and rise in more insecure, precarious forms of employment-scholars have struggled to operationalize the multifaceted and heterogeneous nature of contemporary worker-employer relationships within empirical analyses. Here we investigate the character and distribution of employment relationships in the U.S.

Racial and gender disparities among highly successful medical crowdfunding campaigns.

There has been growing recognition of the popularity of medical crowdfunding and research documenting how crowdfunding arises from, and contributes to, social and health inequities. While many researchers have surmised that racism could well play a role in medical crowdfunding campaign outcomes, research on these dynamics has been limited. No research to date has examined these dynamics among the most successful medical crowdfunding campaigns, focusing instead on average users' experiences or specific patient subpopulations.

Network analysis of adverse childhood experiences and cardiovascular diseases.

Significance: The findings to date indicate that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in later life. We demonstrate how network analysis, a statistical method that estimates complex patterns of associations between variables, can be used to model ACEs and CVD. The main goal is to explore the differential impacts of ACE components on CVD outcomes, conditioned on other ACEs and important covariates using network analysis.

Racial Differences in C-Reactive Protein, Depression Symptoms, and Social Relationships in Older Adults: A Moderated Network Analysis.

Introduction: We introduce moderated network analysis as an integrative approach to assess the moderation effects of race on the relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) and depression symptoms in older adults. This study further explores how the observed relationships differ adjusting for social relationships.

Methods: This secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (2010-2011) includes 2,880 older adults.

Nepantleras-in-training: Using testimonios to unravel the tensions and transformative moments of YPAR.

Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) classrooms can work to shift the dialog and structure of schools to better fit the needs of students and disrupt dominant narratives that have marginalized students of Color. As scholars have shown, this work is not devoid of tensions. This paper examines the tensions that arose during the first 2 years of a high school PAR class.

Perceptions of Prehospital Care for Patients With Limited English Proficiency Among Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics.

Importance: Patients with limited English proficiency (LEP) experience disparities in prehospital care. On-scene interactions between patients with LEP and emergency medical services (EMS) providers (ie, firefighters/emergency medical technicians [EMTs] and paramedics) are critical to high-quality care and have been minimally explored.

Objective: To identify EMS-perceived barriers and facilitators to providing high-quality prehospital care for patients with LEP.

Using Test Question Templates to teach physiology core concepts.

The past ∼15 years have seen increasing interest in defining disciplinary core concepts. Within the field of physiology, Michael, McFarland, Modell, and colleagues have published studies that defined physiology core concepts and have elaborated many of these as detailed conceptual frameworks. With such helpful definitions now in place, attention is turning to the related issue of how to maximize student understanding of the core concepts by linking these "big ideas" to concrete student-facing resources for active learning and assessment.

Fast and automated protein-DNA/RNA macromolecular complex modeling from cryo-EM maps.

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) allows a macromolecular structure such as protein-DNA/RNA complexes to be reconstructed in a three-dimensional coulomb potential map. The structural information of these macromolecular complexes forms the foundation for understanding the molecular mechanism including many human diseases. However, the model building of large macromolecular complexes is often difficult and time-consuming.

Smart de novo Macromolecular Structure Modeling from Cryo-EM Maps.

The study of macromolecular structures has expanded our understanding of the amazing cell machinery and such knowledge has changed how the pharmaceutical industry develops new vaccines in recent years. Traditionally, X-ray crystallography has been the main method for structure determination, however, cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has increasingly become more popular due to recent advancements in hardware and software. The number of cryo-EM maps deposited in the EMDataResource (formerly EMDatabase) since 2002 has been dramatically increasing and it continues to do so.

Leveraging network analysis to determine sex differences in factors associated with frailty among older adults living alone.

Background: Frailty is a complex geriatric syndrome typically characterized by multiple underlying etiological factors. We determined the contributing factors, by sex, using a network analysis.

Methods: The study sample consisted of a cross-sectional cohort of community-dwelling older adults aged ≥ 65 years living alone in a Korean city (N = 1,037).

The Role of Psychological Factors in Chronic Pain Treatment Outcomes in the Military.

Purpose: Chronic pain treatment in the military includes complementary and integrative health (CIH) therapies that may affect psychological factors such as pain catastrophizing, chronic pain acceptance, pain self-efficacy, and patient activation. The unique roles that psychosocial factors play in how CIH approaches reduce pain are not clear. This study examined if a holistic pain management program improved pain outcomes through psychological mediators in service members with chronic pain.

Understanding changes in mental health symptoms from young-old to old-old adults by sex using multiple-group latent transition analysis.

Older adults are classified into three homogeneous groups: young-old (age 65-74), old-old (age 75-84), and oldest-old (age 85 and over). Mental health symptoms are likely to change over time, especially when older adults transition from one age group to another. Yet, little is known on changes in mental health symptoms as they transition to another age group, and if these changes differ by sex.

Birth includes us: Development of a community-led survey to capture experiences of pregnancy care among LGBTQ2S+ families.

Background: Limited research captures the intersectional and nuanced experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, two-spirit, and other sexual and gender-minoritized (LGBTQ2S+) people when accessing perinatal care services, including care for pregnancy, birth, abortion, and/or pregnancy loss.

Methods: We describe the participatory research methods used to develop the Birth Includes Us survey, an online survey study to capture experiences of respectful perinatal care for LGBTQ2S+ individuals. From 2019 to 2021, our research team in collaboration with a multi-stakeholder Community Steering Council identified, adapted, and/or designed survey items which were reviewed and then content validated by community members with lived experience.

Protocol for the pilot quasi-experimental controlled trial of a gender-responsive implementation strategy with providers to improve HIV outcomes in Uganda.

Background: Antiretroviral treatment (ART) is the most effective clinical intervention for reducing morbidity and mortality among persons living with HIV. However, in Uganda, there are disparities between men and women in viral load suppression and related HIV care engagement outcomes, which suggests problems with the implementation of ART. Gender norms are a known driver of HIV disparities in sub-Saharan Africa, and patient-provider relationships are a key factor in HIV care engagement; therefore, the role of gender norms is important to consider in interventions to achieve the equitable provision of treatment and the quality of ART counseling.

The Impact of Collaborative Online International Learning on Intercultural Sensitivity Among Nursing Students in the United States and Japan.

Collaborative online international learning (COIL) is a curricular approach that allows students to collaborate across cultures using various communication technologies. Little is known about the influence of COIL on intercultural sensitivity, a key competency for nursing students to better serve increasingly diverse patient populations. We implemented COIL in undergraduate nursing courses in the United States and Japan and examined its impact on intercultural sensitivity using the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale (ISS) as a pretest and posttest.