Relationships of Circulating Plasma Metabolites With the QT Interval in a Large Population Cohort.

Background: There is a higher prevalence of heart rate corrected QT (QTc) prolongation in patients with diabetes and metabolic syndrome. QT interval genome-wide association studies have identified candidate genes for cardiac energy metabolism, and experimental studies suggest that polyunsaturated fatty acids have direct effects on ion channel function. Despite this, there has been limited study of metabolite concentration relationships with QT intervals.

An updated Bioconductor workflow for correlation profiling subcellular proteomics.

Background: Subcellular localisation is a determining factor of protein function. Mass spectrometry-based correlation profiling experiments facilitate the classification of protein subcellular localisation on a proteome-wide scale. In turn, static localisations can be compared across conditions to identify differential protein localisation events.

The genome sequence of a flea beetle, Aubé, 1843.

We present a genome assembly from a female specimen of (flea beetle; Arthropoda; Insecta; Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae). This was a triploid specimen and one subgenome was assembled. The genome sequence has a total length of 1,003.

Viscoelastic time responses of polymeric cell substrates measured continuously from 0.1-5000 Hz in liquid by photothermal AFM nanorheology.

The mechanical properties of the polymeric substrate or matrix where a cell grows affect cell behavior. Most studies have focused on relating elastic properties of polymeric substrates, which are time-independent, to cell behaviors. However, polymeric substrates and biological systems exhibit a time-dependent, often viscoelastic, mechanical response.

Variation in the Commissioning of Semaglutide for the Treatment of Obesity and Overweight Across England: Results of Three Freedom of Information-Based Mapping Exercises Across the 42 Integrated Care Boards of England.

Obesity medications are recommended in England with legislation necessitating their availability. However, given the number of people who meet clinically approved eligibility criteria, funding these medications and associated support services may limit efficacy at a population health level. This study aimed to assess the commissioning and availability of services and obesity medications across England.

Few-shot learning for highly accelerated 3D time-of-flight MRA reconstruction.

Purpose: To develop a deep learning-based reconstruction method for highly accelerated 3D time-of-flight MRA (TOF-MRA) that achieves high-quality reconstruction with robust generalization using extremely limited acquired raw data, addressing the challenge of time-consuming acquisition of high-resolution, whole-head angiograms.

Methods: A novel few-shot learning-based reconstruction framework is proposed, featuring a 3D variational network specifically designed for 3D TOF-MRA that is pre-trained on simulated complex-valued, multi-coil raw k-space datasets synthesized from diverse open-source magnitude images and fine-tuned using only two single-slab experimentally acquired datasets. The proposed approach was evaluated against existing methods on acquired retrospectively undersampled in vivo k-space data from five healthy volunteers and on prospectively undersampled data from two additional subjects.

Individuals who are 'super recognisers' show superior performance on independent measures of face perception, face memory, and face matching.

Individuals who are superior at face recognition are described as 'super recognisers' (SRs). On standard face recognition tasks SRs outperform individuals who have typical face recognition ability. However, high accuracy on face recognition tasks may be driven by superior ability in one or more of several component processes including face perception, face matching, and face memory.

Practical considerations towards the collection of patient reported outcome data among hematopoietic cell transplant recipients.

Background: There is increasing interest in using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to assess quality of life (QoL) following hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). However, there is limited consensus on how such data should be collected within HCT services. This survey study investigated health professionals (HCPs) views towards QoL data collection and factors affecting the use of PROMs within HCT centres in the UK.

Integrated Analytical Techniques to Investigate the Effect of the Freezing/Thawing Cycles on the Non-replicating Recombinant Chimpanzee Adenovirus Viral Vector COVID-19 Vaccine.

The chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine developed by the University of Oxford (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) showed good stability when stored in refrigerator. However, the vaccine manufacturer prefers its transportation in frozen condition. Data regarding the stability of the vaccine after exposure to repeated freezing processes have not been explored yet.

Genetically modeled GLP1R and GIPR agonism reduce binge drinking and alcohol-associated phenotypes: a multi-ancestry drug-target Mendelian randomization study.

Pharmacological modulation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) through dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists, commonly used for diabetes and obesity, shows promise in reducing alcohol consumption. We applied drug-target Mendelian randomization (MR) using genetic variation at these loci to assess their long-term effects on problematic alcohol use (PAU), binge drinking, alcohol misuse classifications, liver health, and other substance use behaviors. Genetic proxies for lowered BMI, modeling the appetite-suppressing and weight-reducing effects of variants in both the GIPR and GLP1R loci ("GIPR/GLP1R"), were linked with reduced binge drinking in the primary (β = -0.

Systematic attribution of heatwaves to the emissions of carbon majors.

Extreme event attribution assesses how climate change affected climate extremes, but typically focuses on single events. Furthermore, these attributions rarely quantify the extent to which anthropogenic actors have contributed to these events. Here we show that climate change made 213 historical heatwaves reported over 2000-2023 more likely and more intense, to which each of the 180 carbon majors (fossil fuel and cement producers) substantially contributed.

Real-world effectiveness and safety of nirsevimab, RSV maternal vaccine and RSV vaccines for older adults: a living systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The long-acting monoclonal antibody nirsevimab and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines became available for prevention of severe RSV-associated disease in 2023. While clinical trials showed good efficacy and safety, their restrictive inclusion criteria, small sample sizes and short follow-up limit generalisability. We aimed to summarise real-world evidence on the effectiveness and safety of nirsevimab, RSV maternal vaccine and RSV vaccines for older adults.

A journey of leading a healthcare start-up in India: from the National Health Service to a corporate leadership culture.

Background: In 2021, Dr Kalra embraced an opportunity for a leadership role at a start-up healthcare organisation in India. This gave him an opportunity to adapt his National Health Service (NHS) leadership experience to the evolving Indian private healthcare landscape. This paper shares his lived experience as a National Medical Director and delves into the experiences and leadership insights he acquired during this.

Development and external validation of a clinical prediction model for new-onset atrial fibrillation in intensive care: a multicentre, retrospective cohort study.

Background: New-onset atrial fibrillation, a condition associated with adverse outcomes in the short and long term, is common in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). Identifying patients at high risk could inform trials of preventive interventions and help to target such interventions. We aimed to develop and externally validate a prediction model for new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients admitted to ICUs.

Association of intraoperative end-tidal CO levels with postoperative outcomes: a patient-level analysis of two randomised clinical trials.

Background: The relationship between intraoperative end-tidal CO (etCO) levels and postoperative outcomes remains unclear. We conducted a post hoc analysis of two randomised trials in adults undergoing major surgery under general anaesthesia.

Methods: We re-analysed individual participant data comparing high or low positive end-expiratory pressure with low tidal volume intraoperative ventilation using a merged database derived from two randomised trials in non-obese (PROVHILO: ISRCTN70332574) and obese (PROBESE: NCT02148692) patients.

Auxin uptake in molecular detail.

Specific accumulation of auxin contributes to the regulation of many developmental processes. Auxin uptake is mediated by AUX1 (AUXIN1) and LAX (Like-AUX1) proteins, but their mechanism of action has been unclear. Recent studies by Yang et al.

Self-censorship: should scientific journals decline to publish self-experimentation?

A virologist recently made headlines after successfully using an experimental form of oncolytic virotherapy to treat her own recurrent breast cancer. This case has come at a time when regulators are increasingly having to grapple with the proliferation of self-experimentation outside of accredited research institutions. There is, therefore, a pressing need to outline the key ethical dimensions of self-experimentation and to develop ethical guidance for journals that may be faced with decisions about whether to publish research involving self-experimentation.

Observational study on the clinical epidemiology of infectious acute encephalitis syndrome including Nipah virus disease, Bangladesh: BASE cohort study protocol.

Introduction: Nipah virus (NiV) is a bat-transmitted paramyxovirus causing recurrent, high-mortality outbreaks in South and South-East Asia. As a WHO priority pathogen, efforts are underway to develop therapies like monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule antivirals, which require evaluation in clinical trials. However, trial design is challenging due to limited understanding of NiV's clinical characteristics.

Implementing relational continuity in general practice-understanding who needs it, when, to what extent, how and why: a realist review protocol.

Introduction: Relational continuity of care (RCC) refers to the sustained therapeutic relationship between a patient and a clinician, which fosters trust, enhances communication and facilitates the accumulation of knowledge about the patient. RCC is associated with enhanced patient outcomes, reduced hospital admissions, lower mortality rates, decreased healthcare costs and improved patient experience. Despite these benefits, reorganisations within the NHS and workforce challenges have led to an increased reliance on multidisciplinary and part-time working, resulting in fragmented care and a decline in RCC.

Leading through expertise: a qualitative study of clinicians' experience of a paediatric clinical trial for displaced medial epicondyle fracture.

Aims: We sought to explore staff experience of a paediatric randomized controlled trial (RCT), comparing operative fixation and nonoperative treatment for displaced medial epicondyle fractures.

Methods: A total of 20 staff (eight surgeons and 12 research delivery staff) recruiting to the RCT in 18 NHS Trusts across the UK took part in a telephone/online qualitative interview. Interviews were informed by Heideggerian Phenomenology and thematic analysis.

Supplementary Material for Projected Global Clinical, Humanistic, and Economic Impact of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH): The Cost of Inaction Based on Data from Nine Countries.

Background And Aim: Although the clinical burden of MASH is well known, its economic burden is less well described. We estimated MASH's economic burden in several regions of the world including the US, Germany, Spain, France, Italy, and United Kingdom (UK), Japan, Saudi Arabia, and Brazil over the next two decades.

Methods: A one-year cycle Markov model projected MASH progression from 2021 to 2040, incorporating 2020 prevalent cases and annual incident cases (2021-2040).