Programmed Cell Death in Cancer.

Cancer remains the most lethal disease globally, despite the significant progress made in early screening, surgery, and therapeutic development in recent decades. Programmed cell death (PCD) is a genetically regulated process essential for eliminating aberrant cells, yet its dysregulation drives tumorigenesis and therapy resistance. In this review, we present a complete discovery timeline of them and comprehensively synthesize the roles and mechanisms of major PCD forms, such as apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis, across diverse cancer types.

Conserved mycobacterial sRNA B11 regulates lipooligosaccharide synthesis at posttranscriptional level in .

Extractable glycolipids of mycobacteria, such as lipooligosaccharides (LOSs), play crucial roles in responding to environmental stress and modulating the host immune response. Although the biosynthesis of LOS is likely regulated at multiple levels to ensure proper composition of the cell wall, the key regulators remain unknown. In this study, we investigated B11, a conserved mycobacterial small RNA (sRNA), and found that it post-transcriptionally regulates LOS synthesis in .

Reconstructing Perioperative Patient Education in Head and Neck Surgery.

Patients undergoing extirpative oncologic and/or reconstructive head and neck surgery face complex postoperative milestones required for safe discharge. Through this quality improvement project, we evaluated our current practices in perioperative patient education and its impact on 30-day metrics. In this baseline assessment, 15 patients (mean 66 years; 60% male; 80 white; 73% with 12th grade education or higher; 60% undergoing free flap reconstruction) who underwent extensive head and neck reconstruction at a tertiary care institution between August and December 2024 were surveyed.

Information Transmission and Processing in G-Protein-Coupled-Receptor Complexes.

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are central to cellular information processing, yet the physical principles governing their switching behavior remain incompletely understood. We present a first-principles theoretical framework, grounded in nonequilibrium thermodynamics, to describe GPCR switching as observed in light-controlled impedance assays. The model identifies two fundamental control parameters: (1) ATP/GTP-driven chemical flux through the receptor complex, and (2) the free-energy difference between phosphorylated and dephosphorylated switch states.

Trajectories of Pain Impact and Pain Self-Efficacy in People with HIV and Chronic Pain: Extending Findings from the Skills TO Manage Pain (STOMP) Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: People with HIV (PWH) frequently experience chronic pain, which negatively impacts their health and functioning. To improve health outcomes, we need effective interventions for HIV-related chronic pain. Skills TO Manage Pain (STOMP), a novel pain self-management intervention tailored for PWH and chronic pain, has demonstrated efficacy in reducing pain impact (measured by the Brief Pain Inventory) and improving pain self-efficacy immediately after a 12-week intervention and three months later.

Effect of Acute Gut Butyrate Delivery on Blood Pressure in Black Individuals With Hypertension: A Proof-of-Concept Randomized Controlled Study.

Background: Hypertension is a global health crisis linked to increased heart disease and stroke. Black individuals have the greatest burden of hypertension and related diseases. Recent research suggests that the gut microbial production of short-chain fatty acids, such as butyrate, is associated with blood pressure (BP) regulation.

Physical Activity, Symptoms, Quality of Life and Exercise Program Preferences in People With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia.

Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) has a heterogeneous lifelong course. While some patients never require treatment, most experience intermittent periods of active monitoring with other time points in active treatment. Most patients experience significant symptoms which negatively impact their quality of life (QoL).

Prothrombotic Biomarkers Are Not Altered by Wood Smoke: A Pilot Controlled Exposure Study.

Inhalation of wood smoke (WS) has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events, including heart attacks and strokes, both of which are caused in part by the thrombotic occlusion of blood vessels. To characterize the effects of WS on levels of established, circulating prothrombotic biomarkers, healthy human subjects at rest were exposed to WS (500 μg/m) or filtered air for 2 h. Plasma samples were then used to assess markers of endogenous procoagulant activity: cellular activation (tissue factor-positive extracellular vesicles, TF + EVs), thrombin-antithrombin complexes (TAT), fibrin formation/breakdown (D-dimer), and thrombin generation potential.

Phenotype, P2Y Inhibitor Selection, and Clinical Outcomes in Patients on Maintenance Clopidogrel Therapy.

Background: Use of genotyping to guide antiplatelet therapy is associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients naïve to P2Y inhibitors undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. The relationship between genotype and clinical outcomes in patients on maintenance clopidogrel at the time of percutaneous coronary intervention is unknown.

Methods: This was a retrospective, multicenter cohort study.

Comparative Benefits of Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Onsite Fibrinolytic for Patients With ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

Background: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the preferred reperfusion strategy compared with onsite fibrinolytic therapy (O-FT) for ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction when delivered promptly. However, the contemporaneous data to inform the comparative benefits of primary PCI versus O-FT, especially in developing countries, have been largely understudied.

Methods: We used data from the National Chest Pain Center Program (NCPCP), the largest nationwide registry in China, including patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary PCI or O-FT from January 2016 to December 2022.

Prevalence of Cochlear-Facial Nerve Dehiscence and Facial Nerve Stimulation for Adult Cochlear Implant Recipients.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of cochlear-facial nerve dehiscence (CFD) in cochlear implant (CI) recipients, measure cochlear-facial nerve partition width (CFPW), and analyze the relationship of CFD and CFPW for the presence or absence of facial nerve stimulation (FNS).

Methods: A retrospective review of 314 ears from 294 adult CI recipients was conducted. Two blinded reviewers measured CFPW and identified cases with CFD from the preoperative or postoperative high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scan.

The Skills TO Manage Pain (STOMP) Randomized Trial: Results of antiretroviral therapy adherence, HIV primary care retention, and virologic suppression outcomes.

Background: People with HIV (PWH) commonly endorse chronic pain contributing to poor HIV outcomes. The current study is a secondary analysis of a multi-site randomized control trial that improved pain with a behavioral pain treatment, Skills to Manage Pain (STOMP), among PWH and chronic pain. We examined whether participants randomized to STOMP, as compared to enhanced usual care (EUC), evidenced improved HIV outcomes at 12-month follow-up visit.

Primed for Precision: A Review of the Evidence for Heterogeneous Treatment Effects in Diabetes Distress Treatments Among Adults with Type 1 Diabetes and Recommendations for Future Research.

Purpose Of Review: Care guidelines recommend screening and intervention for diabetes distress (DD) as part of standard type 1 diabetes (T1D) care. The variability in how individuals with diabetes experience distress, alongside the range of treatment options, underscores the value of tailoring approaches for addressing diabetes distress. Our objective was to summarize contemporary clinical trials addressing DD directly in adults with T1D, focusing on evidence of heterogenous treatment effects.

Prenatal Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Exposures and Longitudinal Blood Pressure Measurements in Children Aged 3 to 18 Years: Findings From a Racially and Ethnically Diverse US Birth Cohort.

Background: Prenatal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposures may influence offspring blood pressure (BP), but long-term studies in diverse populations remain limited.

Methods: Participants were from the Boston Birth Cohort. We measured PFAS in maternal plasma collected 24 to 72 hours after delivery and extracted children's BP from medical records.

Transgenerational diabetogenic effects of preconception exposure to inorganic arsenic in C57BL/6 mice are associated with dysregulation of DNA methylation and gene expression in G1 and G2 offspring.

Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) has been linked to diabetes, but the role of iAs exposure prior to conception and its transgenerational effects are understudied. Our recent study using C57BL/6 J mice found that exposure of both parents to 2 ppm iAs in drinking water prior to mating resulted in diabetic phenotypes in two consecutive generations of offspring, suggesting epigenetic inheritance. The goal of the present study was to determine if iAs exposure prior to conception was associated with heritable dysregulation of DNA methylation in parental (G0) germ cells and/or differential expression of diabetes-associated genes in G1 and G2 offspring.

Development of a topic-specific bibliographic database supporting the updates of SPIRIT 2013 and CONSORT 2010.

Introduction: An important mechanism of research waste is inadequate incorporation of, and references to, previous relevant research. Identifying references for a research manuscript can be challenging, in part due to the exponential rise in potentially relevant literature to consider. For large research projects, such as developing or updating reporting guidelines, it may be helpful to construct a supportive topic-specific bibliographic database.

Introduction to the themed collection on 'Induced-Proximity Pharmacology'.

Ingo Hartung, Lindsey James and Lyn Jones introduce the themed collection on 'Induced-Proximity Pharmacology'.

Risk Factors and Rates for Hypocalcemia After Pediatric Thyroidectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: Postoperative hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy (TT) affects pediatric patients at higher rates than adult patients, yet its rate remains poorly defined. This study aims to determine the rates of transient, permanent, and any hypocalcemia after TT in pediatric patients and analyze potential risk factors.

Data Sources: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane.

Onvansertib inhibits cell proliferation and increases sensitivity to paclitaxel in uterine serous cancer cells.

Uterine serous carcinoma (USC) belongs to the non-endometrioid subtype of endometrial cancer that is known for its highly aggressive behavior and poor prognosis, highlighting the warrant of novel strategies for the treatment of USC. PLK1 is a type of serine/threonine kinase that is crucial for controlling the progression of the cell cycle, DNA damage response, and genome stability. Targeting PLK1 exhibits potent anti-tumorigenic activity in pre-clinical models of multiple cancer types, and several PLK1 inhibitors have shown significant clinical benefit and favorable safety profiles alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents.

Cost-Effectiveness of a Tailored Pain Self-Management Intervention Compared to Enhanced Usual Care Among People with HIV and Chronic Pain: An Economic Evaluation.

Background: Pain self-management (PSM) interventions are low risk, effective interventions for chronic pain that have high potential for scalability. Economic evaluations are a key component to assessing scalability. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of a tailored PSM called Skills to Manage Pain (STOMP) as compared to enhanced usual care (EUC) among people with HIV (PWH) and chronic pain.

Understanding Onset, Dynamic Transitions, and Associated Inequality Risk Factors for Adverse Posttraumatic Neuropsychiatric Sequelae After Trauma Exposure.

Objective: Several gaps remain in the understanding of the onset, dynamic transitions, and associated risk factors of adverse posttraumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae (APNS) in the acute post-trauma window. Based on serial assessments of symptoms from a large cohort study, we identified homogeneous statuses across multiple APNS symptom domains and investigated the dynamic transitions among these statuses during the first 2 months after trauma exposure. Furthermore, we studied how symptom onset and transitions are affected by equity-relevant characteristics.

Dinitrogen reduction to ammonia with a pincer-Mo complex: new insights into the mechanism of nitride-to-ammonia conversion.

The thioether-diphosphine pincer-ligated molybdenum complex (PSP)MoCl (1-Cl, PSP = 4,5-bis(diisopropylphosphino)-2,7-di--butyl-9,9-dimethyl-9-thioxanthene) has been synthesized as a catalyst-precursor for N reduction catalysis with a focus on an integrated experimental/computational mechanistic investigation. The (PSP)Mo unit is isoelectronic with the (PNP)Mo (PNP = 2,6-bis(di--butylphosphinomethyl)pyridine) fragment found in the family of catalysts for the reduction of N to NH first reported by Nishibayashi and co-workers. Electrochemical studies reveal that 1-Cl is significantly more easily reduced than (PNP)MoCl (with a potential 0.