Role of hydrogen sulfide in catalyzing the formation of NO-ferroheme.

We recently demonstrated a rapid reaction between labile ferric heme and nitric oxide (NO) in the presence of reduced glutathione (GSH) or other small thiols in a process called thiol-catalyzed reductive nitrosylation, yielding a novel signaling molecule, labile nitrosyl ferrous heme (NO-ferroheme), which we and others have shown can regulate vasodilation and platelet homeostasis. Red blood cells (RBCs) contain high concentrations of GSH, and NO can be generated in the RBC via nitrite reduction and/or RBC endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) so that NO-ferroheme could, in principle, be formed in the RBC. NO-ferroheme may also form in other cells and compartments, including in plasma, where another small and reactive thiol species, hydrogen sulfide (HS/HS), is also present and may catalyze NO-ferroheme formation akin to GSH.

Cesarean Delivery Scar Ectopic Pregnancy Diagnosed after No-Test Abortion: A Case Report.

We present a case of cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy that was diagnosed after failed no-test medication abortion at 4 weeks gestation. The patient was treated with dilation, suction aspiration and intrauterine Foley balloon placement. No adverse outcome occurred.

Advanced Glycation End-Product Carboxymethyl-Lysine and Incident Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation in Older Adults.

Background: Advanced glycation end-products result from chemical modification of proteins under conditions of hyperglycemia or oxidative stress common with advancing age. Advanced glycation end-product (AGE) formation alters vascular and cardiac structure and function, yet the prospective associations of circulating AGEs with heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) have not been studied.

Methods: We evaluated the associations of serum N-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), a major AGE in tissue proteins, and incident HF and AF in the CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study), a population-based cohort of older adults.

Duration of Supervised Exercise Necessary for Meaningful Improvement in Peripheral Artery Disease.

Background: Supervised treadmill exercise improves walking performance in people with lower extremity peripheral artery disease, but benefits are not immediate. This study identified the time course of attaining meaningful improvement in 6-minute walk distance and patient-reported outcome measures during a 6-month supervised exercise intervention in people with peripheral artery disease.

Methods: Participants with peripheral artery disease were randomized to supervised treadmill exercise 3 time weekly or a nonexercise control group for 6 months.

Clinical Research: Disparities in Outcomes for Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease at a Private vs Public Hospital in New York City.

Background: In patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), social determinants of health contribute to health inequalities. We aimed to compare patients with IBD treated at a private nonprofit vs public hospital in New York City.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of adult patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis with established IBD care.

Endovascular Salvage of Iliac Limb Maldeployment during EVAR Using a CODA Balloon and Bridging Stent: A Case Report.

Iliac limb maldeployment during endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is an uncommon but technically challenging complication. In this study, we present a case involving a patient with multiple comorbidities, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and coronary artery disease, who underwent EVAR for a progressively enlarging abdominal aortic aneurysm using the ALTO endograft. During the procedure, the right iliac limb was inadvertently deployed outside the contralateral gate into the aneurysm sac, resulting in maldeployment.

Alzheimer's disease prevention by flavonols and their analogs.

Four studies now document reduced incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) or dementia diagnoses in aging individuals who report higher dietary intake of flavonols (or their glycosides) years prior to diagnosis vs those with lower intake. These effects are large, almost 50 %, for individuals at higher genetic risk for AD, providing a robust gene x environment interaction. They display a specific structure-activity relationship.

"Sickle cell trait and the risk for malignancy".

Introduction: Sickle cell trait (SCT) is a hereditary condition that affects millions worldwide, predominantly in individuals of African, Mediterranean, and Middle Eastern descent. While traditionally considered a benign carrier state, emerging evidence suggests a potential association between SCT and malignancies. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between SCT and the risk of multiple myeloma, renal cancer, leukemia, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and colorectal cancer.

Effects of short-term changes in ambient carbon monoxide on sickle cell disease hospital encounters.

Symptoms of sickle cell disease (SCD) may be worsened by environmental factors. Although outdoor air pollution has been proposed as a potential trigger, the specific role of carbon monoxide (CO) among traffic-related pollutants, remains understudied in those with SCD. Based on South Carolina hospital encounter records (2002-2019) for SCD patients, we estimated daily 8-hour maximum outdoor CO concentrations at patients' residential zip codes using a newly-developed spatio-temporal model.

Cancer Stem Cell Mechanisms and Targeted Therapeutic Strategies in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) originates in the epithelial lining of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx, with over 830,000 new cases diagnosed globally in 2020, making it the seventh most prevalent cancer. Despite treatment advances, high-grade HNSCCs remain associated with poor outcomes and a high risk of recurrence. Although Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) are rare in HNSCC tumors, they are key drivers of tumor relapses, as they evade apoptosis and survive current therapies through enhanced DNA repair and quiescence.

Altered Gating of Two Ca2.1 Variants Linked to Neurodevelopmental Disorders With Epilepsy and Migraine.

P/Q-type (Ca2.1) Ca channels regulate the release of neurotransmitter at central synapses. Missense and nonsense mutations in CACNA1A, the gene that encodes the principal α subunit of the Ca2.

Correction: Deregulation of mTORC1-TFEB axis in human iPSC model of -associated Parkinson's disease.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.

The source-sink dynamics of Plasmodium vivax may undermine malaria elimination efforts in the Amazon: an epidemiological and population genomic study.

Background: Brazil's progress toward malaria elimination has stalled and 163,000 new cases (more than 80% caused by Plasmodium vivax) were recorded in the Brazilian Amazon in 2023. We hypothesize that human mobility continues to disperse parasites from hotspots to areas with decreasing endemicity.

Methods: We analyzed 5.

EPEC autotransporter adhesin (Eaa): a novel adhesin identified in atypical enteropathogenic .

Enteropathogenic (EPEC) is a pathogen that causes diarrhea that can be subdivided into typical (tEPEC) and atypical (aEPEC), based on the production of an adhesin termed Bundle-Forming Pilus (BFP) in the former group. aEPEC is one of the main bacterial pathogens isolated from individuals with diarrhea, and some serotypes have been implicated in diarrheal outbreaks in Brazil, such as the O2:H16. A comparative genomic analysis of aEPEC of this serotype led to the identification of a gene encoding a previously uncharacterized autotransporter protein.

A Leg Up: Evaluating Ultramassive Transfusion after Extremity Vascular Injury.

Introduction: Extremity vascular injuries (EVI) are rare, life-threatening injuries that may require ultra-massive transfusion (UMT), defined as transfusion of ≥20 units of red cell products in 24 hours. This study aimed to evaluate outcomes of patients with EVI who required UMT and to determine which variables are associated with survival.

Methods: A retrospective, multicenter analysis from eleven high-volume trauma centers was conducted of trauma patients who received UMT from 2016-2024.

Recent Trends in Neuroradiologist Compensation and Clinical Productivity in Academic versus Non-Academic Settings.

Awareness of trends in compensation and clinical productivity are important, especially in a competitive market for hiring radiologists. This study shows that in the last decade, clinical productivity as measured by median Work Relative Value Units for academic neuroradiologists remained greater (by 30%-40%) than for academic diagnostic radiologists overall throughout the study period. The median compensation for academic neuroradiologists remains approximately 20% less than that for nonacademic neuroradiologists.

Xenotransplantation Literature Update: January-June 2025.

From January to June 2025, the field of xenotransplantation progressed rapidly toward clinical translation, with landmark compassionate-use cases, peer-reviewed reports of porcine kidney, heart, and liver transplants in humans, and the release of authoritative international guidelines. This literature update summarizes key developments across clinical trials, immunological insights, donor engineering, preservation strategies, infection control, and ethical frameworks, highlighting a growing consensus on the scientific and regulatory roadmap for safe, effective, and equitable xenotransplantation.

Electron paramagnetic resonance detection of superoxide in a murine model of acute lung injury.

Unlabelled: Superoxide (O ) production in an acute lung injury (ALI) murine model was detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and imaging. Lung injury was induced in wild-type (WT) mice and transgenic (Tg) mice with lung-specific EC-SOD overexpression by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administered intraperitoneally (IP) at a dose of 10 mg/kg. At 24 h after LPS treatment, mice were treated intraperitoneally and subcutaneously with the cyclic hydroxylamine probe, CMH, for superoxide measurements in the blood, or via intratracheal delivery (IT) with the cyclic hydroxylamine probes, CPH or DCP-AM-H, for lung cellular and mitochondrial superoxide detection.

Sacroiliac Joint Radiofrequency Ablation Therapy After Sacroiliac Joint Fusion.

Sacroiliac joint dysfunction (SIJD) is a significant contributor to lower back pain, and the condition often mimics other lower back pain syndromes, necessitating accurate diagnosis through history, physical examination, provocative tests, and imaging studies. We present a 67-year-old man with a history of sarcoidosis, deep vein thrombosis, prostate cancer, and chronic low back pain, who experienced persistent right-sided back and hip pain despite multiple surgeries, including bilateral sacroiliac joint (SIJ) fusion. Conservative treatments provided only partial relief.

Application of Evidence into Practice in Trauma: The Purpose to Practice (P2P) Approach to Consensus Generation.

Introduction: In trauma care, there is a need to increase communication to ensure evidence-informed, best practice care guidelines are easily accessible to all providers to yield continuity of care. Clinical guidance use is one way to address this need while employing a patient-centered team approach.

Methods: During year two of the conference series, participants gathered in person and virtually to further develop the Minimum Viable Product (MVP) created during year one.

Transcriptional profiling identification of inflammatory signaling pathways in ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study identified core genes and pathways involved in UC by performing transcriptional profiling of colon biopsies from UC patients and healthy controls using data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. A total of 202 samples, including 129 UC patients and 73 healthy controls, were analyzed, measuring the expression of 40,991 genes using a 44K formatted microarray.

Femoral Neck Complications in Isolated Femoral Neck Fractures Versus Ipsilateral Femoral Neck and Shaft Fractures.

Objectives: There are limited data on the difference in outcomes between patients with isolated femoral neck fractures (IsoFN) and those with a femoral neck and ipsilateral femoral shaft fracture (IpsiFNS) in terms of osteonecrosis, nonunion, and revision surgery rates. We hypothesized that displaced IsoFN fractures would have higher rates of femoral neck nonunion, osteonecrosis, and hip revision surgery than displaced IpsiFNS fractures. Comparisons were made to determine the relationship between these outcomes and other variables.

MR-ARFI to evaluate intensity variability and enhance targeting of FUS: A brain study in rats.

Purpose: Inconsistencies in focused ultrasound (FUS) transducer positioning and skull-induced aberrations can reduce the targeting accuracy and cause inconsistencies in the intensity delivered during FUS neuromodulation procedures. This study aimed to evaluate the use of MR-acoustic radiation force imaging (MR-ARFI) in improving the targeting accuracy and assessing the variation in the pressure delivered during FUS procedures.

Methods: An MR-guided FUS system was used to bilaterally target the nucleus accumbens region of Sprague-Dawley rats.

Establishing a research advisory committee in addictions services with a focus on social needs and social isolation.

Background: Substance use disorders and unmet social needs (like housing instability and social isolation) are major contributors to U.S. morbidity and mortality.